NURS3262 Exam 2: Comprehensive Revision Guide
his guide provides a structured review of key concepts and nursing interventions related to
T
diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular conditions, fluid and electrolyte balance, and renal
disorders.
I. Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
A. Insulin Administration & Management
1. Lispro Insulin Administration:Inject insulin 15 minutesbefore a meal.1
2. I nsulin Self-Administration Teaching (Type 1 DM):Store the current bottle of insulin at
room temperature.2
3. Insulin Injection Sites:Giving insulin injectionsin the abdominal area is appropriate.3
4. R
egular Insulin Sliding Scale:After administeringregular insulin at 07:15, ensure the
client receives breakfast at 07:45.4
5. Lispro (Humalog) Onset of Action:Lispro has the mostrapid onset of action among
, insulins.5
6. I nsulin Administration During Illness (Type 1 DM):Clients with Type 1 DM requiremore
insulin during periods of infection.6
7. Rotating Injection Sites:Rotating injection sitesprevents insulin lipodystrophy.7
B. Hypoglycemia & Hyperglycemia
1. M
anifestations of Hypoglycemia:Tachycardia and moist,clammy skin are
manifestations of hypoglycemia.8Blurred vision is
nota classic manifestation.9
2. C
lient Experiencing Hypoglycemia (Symptoms):Headache,restlessness, fatigue, and
hunger indicate the client is likely experiencing hypoglycemia.10A patient feeling shaky
also indicates understanding of hypoglycemia symptoms.11
3. M
anaging Hypoglycemia in NPO Patient:If an NPO patientwith DM has a blood
glucose of 52 mg/dL, the next step is to administer Dextrose 50% IV per protocol.12
4. I nsulin for Hypoglycemia Symptoms:Insulin isnotgiven for symptoms of diaphoresis,
sweating, and tremors; these are symptoms of hypoglycemia which require glucose.13
5. P
atient Forgets to Eat After Insulin:If Ben injectsinsulin but forgets to eat, the nurse's
best assessment will reveal moist, clammy skin.14
6. A
lcohol and Insulin:A client with Type 1 DM who drinkswine with dinner is at risk for
hypoglycemia due to alcohol's effect.15
7. D
KA Hyperglycemia Treatment:For initial treatmentof hyperglycemia in a client with
DKA, IV bolus of insulin followed by a continuous infusion would be used.16
8. H
igh Blood Glucose at Bedtime:Administer slidingscale insulin as ordered for a blood
glucose of 258 mg/dL at bedtime.17
C. Diabetes Diagnosis & Monitoring
1. H
bA1c as Indicator of Glucose Control:An HbA1c valueof 6.3% indicates appropriate
control of glucose levels.18
his guide provides a structured review of key concepts and nursing interventions related to
T
diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular conditions, fluid and electrolyte balance, and renal
disorders.
I. Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
A. Insulin Administration & Management
1. Lispro Insulin Administration:Inject insulin 15 minutesbefore a meal.1
2. I nsulin Self-Administration Teaching (Type 1 DM):Store the current bottle of insulin at
room temperature.2
3. Insulin Injection Sites:Giving insulin injectionsin the abdominal area is appropriate.3
4. R
egular Insulin Sliding Scale:After administeringregular insulin at 07:15, ensure the
client receives breakfast at 07:45.4
5. Lispro (Humalog) Onset of Action:Lispro has the mostrapid onset of action among
, insulins.5
6. I nsulin Administration During Illness (Type 1 DM):Clients with Type 1 DM requiremore
insulin during periods of infection.6
7. Rotating Injection Sites:Rotating injection sitesprevents insulin lipodystrophy.7
B. Hypoglycemia & Hyperglycemia
1. M
anifestations of Hypoglycemia:Tachycardia and moist,clammy skin are
manifestations of hypoglycemia.8Blurred vision is
nota classic manifestation.9
2. C
lient Experiencing Hypoglycemia (Symptoms):Headache,restlessness, fatigue, and
hunger indicate the client is likely experiencing hypoglycemia.10A patient feeling shaky
also indicates understanding of hypoglycemia symptoms.11
3. M
anaging Hypoglycemia in NPO Patient:If an NPO patientwith DM has a blood
glucose of 52 mg/dL, the next step is to administer Dextrose 50% IV per protocol.12
4. I nsulin for Hypoglycemia Symptoms:Insulin isnotgiven for symptoms of diaphoresis,
sweating, and tremors; these are symptoms of hypoglycemia which require glucose.13
5. P
atient Forgets to Eat After Insulin:If Ben injectsinsulin but forgets to eat, the nurse's
best assessment will reveal moist, clammy skin.14
6. A
lcohol and Insulin:A client with Type 1 DM who drinkswine with dinner is at risk for
hypoglycemia due to alcohol's effect.15
7. D
KA Hyperglycemia Treatment:For initial treatmentof hyperglycemia in a client with
DKA, IV bolus of insulin followed by a continuous infusion would be used.16
8. H
igh Blood Glucose at Bedtime:Administer slidingscale insulin as ordered for a blood
glucose of 258 mg/dL at bedtime.17
C. Diabetes Diagnosis & Monitoring
1. H
bA1c as Indicator of Glucose Control:An HbA1c valueof 6.3% indicates appropriate
control of glucose levels.18
