PS 202: POLITICAL SCIENCE EXAM
-inspired by Calvinist theology
-church and state = separate institutions
-each ordained by god and having different functions - answers✔✔Puritan Views on Religion (3)
-clergy couldn't be involved in politics (holding office, serving on juries, endorse candidates, or
censure the conduct of politicians)
-state officials couldn't be involved in religion (hold religious office, interfere with church
governance, censure actions of clergy) - answers✔✔Clear Separations between church and
state (2)
-didn't imply disestablishing a religion or tolerating different ones but for cooperation between
the two
-property donation, tax exemptions, sabbath laws
-lack of tolerance for dissenters - answers✔✔Separatism to the Puritans (3)
-Called for free exercise and disestablishment
-State should not give special support or privilege to any religion through tax subsidies
-State should not predicate laws or policies on explicitly religious grounds
-State should not interfere with religious institutions and doctrines
-State should respect "liberty of conscience" - answers✔✔Jefferson on Religious Liberty (5)
-States should not coerce citizen adherence
-Supports liberty for all denominations, including deists and atheists
,-State should balance the establishment of one public religion with many private religions
-promote honesty, diligence, devotion, obedience, virtue, love of God, neighbor, and self
(instrumental value)
-"religion and virtue are the only foundation, not only of republicanism and of all free
government, but of social felicity under all governments and in all the combinations of human
society...Without religion, this world would be something not fit to be mentioned in polite
company—I mean hell" - answers✔✔Adams on Religious Liberty (5)
-Too much religious freedom leads to depravity and license.
-Too little religious freedom leads to hypocrisy and impiety.
-Too much establishment breeds coercion and corruption.
-Too little establishment allows secular prejudices to become constitutional prerogatives. -
answers✔✔Adams on Liberty vs. Establishment (4)
-Adams wanted a public religion to be established (1) ceremonially, (2) morally, and (3)
institutionally.
-As noted by Witte (2011), almost nobody objected to ceremonial or moral establishment.
Institutional establishment was the source of greatest controversy. - answers✔✔Adams on
establishing a public religion (2)
-Thomas Jefferson
-Thomas Paine
-James Madison
-As deists, Jefferson and Paine rejected divine revelation, but affirmed the existence of an
impersonal Creator, one indifferent to his creation, on the basis of reason and nature.
-Madison adhered more closely to traditional Christian doctrine.
-Fearing that institutional religion had the potential to corrupt government, they championed
institutional separation. - answers✔✔Enlightened Separationists (6)
, -Believes that the mind, unfettered by temporal or spiritual coercion, will arrive at truth through
thought and reason
-Believes that institutional religion impedes the quest for truth by diverting the mind to
nonessential doctrinal matters, which leads to division and intolerance among religions
-Views an established church as a grave threat to freedom of the mind because it puts forth the
"orthodox" doctrine which civil authorities are to promote through coercive legal means
-Advocates a "wall of separation" between church and state - answers✔✔Thomas Jefferson on
Religion (4)
-Paine regarded national churches as "human inventions, set up to terrify and enslave mankind,
and monopolize power and profit"
-Paine refers to the union of church and state as "sort of a mule-animal, capable only of
destroying, and not of breeding up."
-Paine was an extreme separationist. - answers✔✔Thomas Paine on Religion (3)
-More so than Jefferson, Madison derived his convictions from a theistic worldview which
affirmed liberty of conscience as a God-given right.
-He viewed establishment as an alliance between civil and religious authorities resulting in the
coercion of belief and practice to favor a particular church.
-He believed that institutional separation was necessary to preserve the integrity of both
government and religion, "a perfect separation between ecclesiastical and civil matters [is
needed because] "religion and government will both exist in greater purity, the less they are
mixed together."
-Madison expressed concern for true piety and government. - answers✔✔James Madison on
Religion (4)
-George Washington
-John Adams
-John Marshall
-inspired by Calvinist theology
-church and state = separate institutions
-each ordained by god and having different functions - answers✔✔Puritan Views on Religion (3)
-clergy couldn't be involved in politics (holding office, serving on juries, endorse candidates, or
censure the conduct of politicians)
-state officials couldn't be involved in religion (hold religious office, interfere with church
governance, censure actions of clergy) - answers✔✔Clear Separations between church and
state (2)
-didn't imply disestablishing a religion or tolerating different ones but for cooperation between
the two
-property donation, tax exemptions, sabbath laws
-lack of tolerance for dissenters - answers✔✔Separatism to the Puritans (3)
-Called for free exercise and disestablishment
-State should not give special support or privilege to any religion through tax subsidies
-State should not predicate laws or policies on explicitly religious grounds
-State should not interfere with religious institutions and doctrines
-State should respect "liberty of conscience" - answers✔✔Jefferson on Religious Liberty (5)
-States should not coerce citizen adherence
-Supports liberty for all denominations, including deists and atheists
,-State should balance the establishment of one public religion with many private religions
-promote honesty, diligence, devotion, obedience, virtue, love of God, neighbor, and self
(instrumental value)
-"religion and virtue are the only foundation, not only of republicanism and of all free
government, but of social felicity under all governments and in all the combinations of human
society...Without religion, this world would be something not fit to be mentioned in polite
company—I mean hell" - answers✔✔Adams on Religious Liberty (5)
-Too much religious freedom leads to depravity and license.
-Too little religious freedom leads to hypocrisy and impiety.
-Too much establishment breeds coercion and corruption.
-Too little establishment allows secular prejudices to become constitutional prerogatives. -
answers✔✔Adams on Liberty vs. Establishment (4)
-Adams wanted a public religion to be established (1) ceremonially, (2) morally, and (3)
institutionally.
-As noted by Witte (2011), almost nobody objected to ceremonial or moral establishment.
Institutional establishment was the source of greatest controversy. - answers✔✔Adams on
establishing a public religion (2)
-Thomas Jefferson
-Thomas Paine
-James Madison
-As deists, Jefferson and Paine rejected divine revelation, but affirmed the existence of an
impersonal Creator, one indifferent to his creation, on the basis of reason and nature.
-Madison adhered more closely to traditional Christian doctrine.
-Fearing that institutional religion had the potential to corrupt government, they championed
institutional separation. - answers✔✔Enlightened Separationists (6)
, -Believes that the mind, unfettered by temporal or spiritual coercion, will arrive at truth through
thought and reason
-Believes that institutional religion impedes the quest for truth by diverting the mind to
nonessential doctrinal matters, which leads to division and intolerance among religions
-Views an established church as a grave threat to freedom of the mind because it puts forth the
"orthodox" doctrine which civil authorities are to promote through coercive legal means
-Advocates a "wall of separation" between church and state - answers✔✔Thomas Jefferson on
Religion (4)
-Paine regarded national churches as "human inventions, set up to terrify and enslave mankind,
and monopolize power and profit"
-Paine refers to the union of church and state as "sort of a mule-animal, capable only of
destroying, and not of breeding up."
-Paine was an extreme separationist. - answers✔✔Thomas Paine on Religion (3)
-More so than Jefferson, Madison derived his convictions from a theistic worldview which
affirmed liberty of conscience as a God-given right.
-He viewed establishment as an alliance between civil and religious authorities resulting in the
coercion of belief and practice to favor a particular church.
-He believed that institutional separation was necessary to preserve the integrity of both
government and religion, "a perfect separation between ecclesiastical and civil matters [is
needed because] "religion and government will both exist in greater purity, the less they are
mixed together."
-Madison expressed concern for true piety and government. - answers✔✔James Madison on
Religion (4)
-George Washington
-John Adams
-John Marshall
