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What are the 3 stages of prenatal development? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔germinal,
embryonic, fetal
When does the first trimester end? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔At the end of the embryonic
stage
When does the second trimester end? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔At the end of week 20
When does the third trimester end? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔At birth
What is involved in the germinal stage? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-An egg and sperm get
turned into a zygote and then an embryo
-Included in this is fertilization, cleavage, blastulation, and implantation
How long does the germinal period last? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔14 days
What is involved in fertilization during the germinal stage? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-The
egg and sperm merge to become a one cell zygote
,-The zygote then multiplies as it moves towards the uterus
-The genetic makeup and sex of the fetus is set during this stage
-Fewer then 1 half of all zygotes survive past the first 2 weeks
What is involved in blastulation during the germinal stage? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-The
zygote undergoes change to become a blastocyst
-The morula changes from a solid ball of undifferentiated cells into a fluid filled
ball of differentiated cells
-The blastocyst is in an eggshell like cover until it is ready to implant into the
endometrium
-Includes 3 main parts:
-Embryoblasts which become the fetus
-Trophoblasts is the outer cell layer which will become the fetal portion of the
placenta
-Blastocoele is the cavity formed by the embryo blasts migrating one pole of the
blastocyst and it fills with fluid secreted by the trophoblasts
What is involved in implantation during the germinal stage? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-
Occurs around day 8 or 9 after fertilization
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,-Is when the blastocyst embeds in the endometrium and contact between the two is
what initiates this stage
-Digs within the endometrium until it is full covered by endometrium endothelial
tissue
How long does the embryonic stage last? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-From implantation (2
weeks) until 8 weeks of pregnancy
-
What occurs during the embryonic period? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Gastrulation
(formation of 3 germ layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm).
-Neurulation (giving rise to neural tube and nervous system).
-Organogenesis (organ systems established)
What does the ectoderm become? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Nervous system and outer
skin layers
What does the mesoderm become? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Circulatory system, skeleton,
muscles, reproductive system, and inner skin layers
What does the endoderm become? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Respiratory system, part of
the digestive system, and the urinary tract
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, What does the neural tube become? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The brain and spinal cord
What happens as the nervous system begins to develop? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-The
heart starts pumping
-Other parts of the body begin to emerge such as the digestive tract and backbone
What occurs in the fourth week of pregnancy? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-The head
develops
-The precursor for the heart pulses
What occurs during the fifth week of pregnancy? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-The baby
begins to form a C-shape
-Grooves called pharyngeal arches form which will become to face and neck
-The inner ears begin to form
-Arm buds are visible
-The liver, pancreas, spleen and gallbladder start to form
What occurs during the sixth week of pregnancy? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-The eyes and
nose start to develop
-Leg buds and hands form as plat panels
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