Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 Maryville questions
with 100% correct answers
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing? - ANSWER
Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka
protein) = increased adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning: - ANSWER is considered a contraindication
to administer that drug.
What is the drugs half-life? - ANSWER Half-life specifically means the
amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be halfway cleared
from the system.
Peak of action: - ANSWER the time between drug administration and
maximum concentration of drug in the blood stream. Best therapeutic
effect.
Duration of action: - ANSWER the time between onset of action and
metabolism of drug below the minimum needed for an effect. The length
of time you have the drug in your system.
According to the WHO what is the first step in the prescribing process? -
ANSWER The first step is to define the patient's problem
,The second step is to - ANSWER specify the therapeutic objective
The third step is to - ANSWER choose which drug or treatment is needed.
Step 4 of the WHO approach: - ANSWER Start the treatment
Step 5 of the WHO approach: - ANSWER Educate the patient
Step 6 of the WHO approach: - ANSWER Monitor the treatment
Phase 1 of drug development: - ANSWER The drug is tested on healthy
volunteers
Phase 2 of drug development: - ANSWER trials with people who have the
disease for which the drug is thought to be effective
Phase 3 of drug development: - ANSWER Large numbers of patients in
medical research centers receive the drug in phase 3. This larger
sampling provides information about infrequent or rare adverse effects.
The FFA will approve a new drug application if phase 3 studies are
satisfactory.
Phase 4 of drug development: - ANSWER This phase is voluntary and
involves postmarket surveillance of the drug's therapeutic effects at the
completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical company receives reports
, from doctors and other health care professionals about the therapeutic
results and adverse effects of the drug. Some medications, for example,
have been found to be toxic and have been removed from the market
after their initial release.
Explain first pass metabolism - ANSWER much of the drug is lost in the
absorption process. The liver metabolizes many drugs, thus reduces the
bioavailabilty of the drug.
What is the fasted route of absorption: - ANSWER The fastest route of
absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the IV
administration.
Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb? - ANSWER The GI tract is
lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through these cells in
order to be absorbed into the circulatory system.
What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a
given drug? - ANSWER the cell membrane. Cell membranes are
essentially lipid bilayers which form a semipermeable membrane. Pure
lipid bilayers are generally permeable only to small an d uncharged
solutes, hence whether or not a molecule is ionized will affect its
absorption, since ionic molecules are charged.
What is solubility? - ANSWER Solubility favors charged species,
permeability favors neutral species. Some molecules have special
exchange proteins and channels to facilitate movement from the lumen
into the circulation.
with 100% correct answers
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing? - ANSWER
Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka
protein) = increased adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning: - ANSWER is considered a contraindication
to administer that drug.
What is the drugs half-life? - ANSWER Half-life specifically means the
amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be halfway cleared
from the system.
Peak of action: - ANSWER the time between drug administration and
maximum concentration of drug in the blood stream. Best therapeutic
effect.
Duration of action: - ANSWER the time between onset of action and
metabolism of drug below the minimum needed for an effect. The length
of time you have the drug in your system.
According to the WHO what is the first step in the prescribing process? -
ANSWER The first step is to define the patient's problem
,The second step is to - ANSWER specify the therapeutic objective
The third step is to - ANSWER choose which drug or treatment is needed.
Step 4 of the WHO approach: - ANSWER Start the treatment
Step 5 of the WHO approach: - ANSWER Educate the patient
Step 6 of the WHO approach: - ANSWER Monitor the treatment
Phase 1 of drug development: - ANSWER The drug is tested on healthy
volunteers
Phase 2 of drug development: - ANSWER trials with people who have the
disease for which the drug is thought to be effective
Phase 3 of drug development: - ANSWER Large numbers of patients in
medical research centers receive the drug in phase 3. This larger
sampling provides information about infrequent or rare adverse effects.
The FFA will approve a new drug application if phase 3 studies are
satisfactory.
Phase 4 of drug development: - ANSWER This phase is voluntary and
involves postmarket surveillance of the drug's therapeutic effects at the
completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical company receives reports
, from doctors and other health care professionals about the therapeutic
results and adverse effects of the drug. Some medications, for example,
have been found to be toxic and have been removed from the market
after their initial release.
Explain first pass metabolism - ANSWER much of the drug is lost in the
absorption process. The liver metabolizes many drugs, thus reduces the
bioavailabilty of the drug.
What is the fasted route of absorption: - ANSWER The fastest route of
absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the IV
administration.
Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb? - ANSWER The GI tract is
lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through these cells in
order to be absorbed into the circulatory system.
What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a
given drug? - ANSWER the cell membrane. Cell membranes are
essentially lipid bilayers which form a semipermeable membrane. Pure
lipid bilayers are generally permeable only to small an d uncharged
solutes, hence whether or not a molecule is ionized will affect its
absorption, since ionic molecules are charged.
What is solubility? - ANSWER Solubility favors charged species,
permeability favors neutral species. Some molecules have special
exchange proteins and channels to facilitate movement from the lumen
into the circulation.
