FITZGERALD REVIEW
CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
You examine a 38-year-old woman who has presented for an initial examination and
Papanicolaou test. She has no complaint. Her blood pressure (BP) is 154/98 mm Hg bilaterally
and her body mass index (BMI) is 31 kg/m 2. The rest of her physical examination is
unremarkable. Your next best action is to:
A. initiate antihypertensive therapy.
B. arrange for at least two additional BP measurements during the next 2 weeks.
C. order blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and potassium ion measurements and urinalysis.
D. advise her to reduce her sodium intake. - ANS B. arrange for at least two additional BP
measurements during the next 2 weeks.
You see a 68-year-old woman as a patient who is transferring care into your practice. She has a
10-year history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Current medications
include hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), glipizide, metformin, simvastatin, and daily low-dose
aspirin. Today's BP reading is 158/92 mm Hg, and the rest of her history and examination are
unremarkable. Documentation from her former healthcare provider indicates that her BP has
been in the range for the past 12 months. Your next best action is to:
A. prescribe an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI).
B. have her return for a BP check in 1 week.
C. advise that her current therapy is adequate.
D. add therapy with an aldosterone antagonist. - ANS A. prescribe an angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitor (ACEI).
1 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, You examine a 78-year-old woman with long-standing, poorly controlled hypertension. When
evaluating her for hypertensive target organ damage, you look for evidence of:
A. lipid abnormalities.
B. insulin resistance.
C. left ventricular hypertrophy.
D. clotting disorders. - ANS C. left ventricular hypertrophy.
Diagnostic testing for a patient with newly diagnosed primary hypertension should include all of
the following except:
A. hematocrit.
B. uric acid.
C. creatinine.
D. potassium. - ANS B. uric acid.
In the person with hypertension, the nurse practitioner (NP) recommends all of the following to
potentially reduce BP in a patient with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 except:
A. 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss.
B. dietary sodium restriction to 2.4 g (6 g NaCl) per day.
C. regular aerobic physical activity, such as 30-40 minutes of brisk walking most days of the
week.
D. consuming at least 1-2 servings of alcohol. - ANS D. consuming at least 1-2 servings of
alcohol.
Match the antihypertension medication with its appropriate class:
amlodipine
diltiazem
trandolapril
telmisartan
2 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
You examine a 38-year-old woman who has presented for an initial examination and
Papanicolaou test. She has no complaint. Her blood pressure (BP) is 154/98 mm Hg bilaterally
and her body mass index (BMI) is 31 kg/m 2. The rest of her physical examination is
unremarkable. Your next best action is to:
A. initiate antihypertensive therapy.
B. arrange for at least two additional BP measurements during the next 2 weeks.
C. order blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and potassium ion measurements and urinalysis.
D. advise her to reduce her sodium intake. - ANS B. arrange for at least two additional BP
measurements during the next 2 weeks.
You see a 68-year-old woman as a patient who is transferring care into your practice. She has a
10-year history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Current medications
include hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), glipizide, metformin, simvastatin, and daily low-dose
aspirin. Today's BP reading is 158/92 mm Hg, and the rest of her history and examination are
unremarkable. Documentation from her former healthcare provider indicates that her BP has
been in the range for the past 12 months. Your next best action is to:
A. prescribe an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI).
B. have her return for a BP check in 1 week.
C. advise that her current therapy is adequate.
D. add therapy with an aldosterone antagonist. - ANS A. prescribe an angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitor (ACEI).
1 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, You examine a 78-year-old woman with long-standing, poorly controlled hypertension. When
evaluating her for hypertensive target organ damage, you look for evidence of:
A. lipid abnormalities.
B. insulin resistance.
C. left ventricular hypertrophy.
D. clotting disorders. - ANS C. left ventricular hypertrophy.
Diagnostic testing for a patient with newly diagnosed primary hypertension should include all of
the following except:
A. hematocrit.
B. uric acid.
C. creatinine.
D. potassium. - ANS B. uric acid.
In the person with hypertension, the nurse practitioner (NP) recommends all of the following to
potentially reduce BP in a patient with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 except:
A. 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss.
B. dietary sodium restriction to 2.4 g (6 g NaCl) per day.
C. regular aerobic physical activity, such as 30-40 minutes of brisk walking most days of the
week.
D. consuming at least 1-2 servings of alcohol. - ANS D. consuming at least 1-2 servings of
alcohol.
Match the antihypertension medication with its appropriate class:
amlodipine
diltiazem
trandolapril
telmisartan
2 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
