Vital Signs Fundamentals of Nursing exam with
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correct detailed answers
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Afebrile |- |✔✔Without |fever
Febrile |- |✔✔With |fever
Apical |pulse |(aka |"point |of |maximal |impulse" |or |PMI) |- |✔✔Central |pulse; |located |at |the |apex |of |the |
heart |(aka |"point |of |maximal |impulse" |or |PMI). |Routinely |used |on |infants |- |3yrs. |Helps |determine |
discrepancies |with |radial |pulse.
Peripheral |pulse |- |✔✔Pulse |located |away |from |the |heart; |wrist |or |foot.
Apical-radial |pulse |- |✔✔Normally |apical |& |radial |pulses |are |identical |but |an |apical |rate |greater |than |
the |radial |rate |can |indicate |that |the |thrust |of |blood |from |the |heart |is |too |weak |to |be |felt |
peripherally. |Possible |indication |of |vascular |disease.
Apnea |- |✔✔Absence |of |breathing
Arrhythmia |(aka |dysrhythmia) |- |✔✔A |pulse |with |an |irregular |rhythm |(aka |dysrhythmia).
Arterial |blood |pressure |- |✔✔Measure |of |the |pressure |exerted |by |the |blood |as |it |flows |through |the |
arteries.
Arteriosclerosis |- |✔✔Elastic |& |muscular |tissues |of |the |arteries |are |replaced |with |fibrous |tissue, |the |
arteries |lose |much |of |their |ability |to |constrict |& |dilate. |Common |in |middle |aged |& |older |adults.
Auscultatory |gap |- |✔✔Occurs |particularly |in |hypertensive |people; |is |the |temporary |disappearance |of |
sounds |normally |heard |over |the |brachial |artery |when |the |cuff |pressure |is |high |followed |by |the |
reappearance |of |the |sounds |at |a |lower |level.
, Basal |metabolic |rate |(BMR) |- |✔✔Rate |of |energy |utilization |in |the |body |required |to |maintain |essential
|activities |such |as |breathing. |Rates |decrease |with |age. |Generally |younger |people |have |higher |BMR.
Body |temperature |- |✔✔Reflects |the |balance |between |the |heat |produced |& |lost |from |the |body. |
Measured |in |degrees.
Bradycardia |- |✔✔Heart |rate |in |an |adult |of |less |than |60 |bpm.
Bradypnea |- |✔✔Abnormally |slow |respirations.
Cardiac |output |- |✔✔Volume |of |blood |pumped |into |the |arteries |by |the |heart |and |equals |the |result |of |
the |stroke |volume |(SV) |times |the |heart |rate |(HR) |per |min.
Compliance |- |✔✔Arteries |ability |to |contract |& |expand.
Conduction |- |✔✔The |transfer |of |heat |from |one |molecule |to |a |molecule |of |lower |temperature. |
Cannot |take |place |without |contact |between |the |molecules |& |normally |accounts |for |minimal |heat |
loss.
Constant |fever |- |✔✔Body |temperature |fluctuates |minimally |but |always |remains |above |normal.
Convection |- |✔✔Dispersion |of |heat |by |air |currents.
Core |temperature |- |✔✔Temperature |of |the |deep |tissues |of |the |body |such |as |the |abdominal |cavity |& |
pelvic |cavity. |Remains |relatively |constant.
Costal |breathing |(aka |thoracic |breathing) |- |✔✔Involves |external |interest |all |muscles |and |other |
accessory |muscles |such |as |the |sternocleidomastoid |muscles. |Can |be |observed |by |the |movement |of |
the |chest |upward |& |outward.
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correct detailed answers
| | |
Afebrile |- |✔✔Without |fever
Febrile |- |✔✔With |fever
Apical |pulse |(aka |"point |of |maximal |impulse" |or |PMI) |- |✔✔Central |pulse; |located |at |the |apex |of |the |
heart |(aka |"point |of |maximal |impulse" |or |PMI). |Routinely |used |on |infants |- |3yrs. |Helps |determine |
discrepancies |with |radial |pulse.
Peripheral |pulse |- |✔✔Pulse |located |away |from |the |heart; |wrist |or |foot.
Apical-radial |pulse |- |✔✔Normally |apical |& |radial |pulses |are |identical |but |an |apical |rate |greater |than |
the |radial |rate |can |indicate |that |the |thrust |of |blood |from |the |heart |is |too |weak |to |be |felt |
peripherally. |Possible |indication |of |vascular |disease.
Apnea |- |✔✔Absence |of |breathing
Arrhythmia |(aka |dysrhythmia) |- |✔✔A |pulse |with |an |irregular |rhythm |(aka |dysrhythmia).
Arterial |blood |pressure |- |✔✔Measure |of |the |pressure |exerted |by |the |blood |as |it |flows |through |the |
arteries.
Arteriosclerosis |- |✔✔Elastic |& |muscular |tissues |of |the |arteries |are |replaced |with |fibrous |tissue, |the |
arteries |lose |much |of |their |ability |to |constrict |& |dilate. |Common |in |middle |aged |& |older |adults.
Auscultatory |gap |- |✔✔Occurs |particularly |in |hypertensive |people; |is |the |temporary |disappearance |of |
sounds |normally |heard |over |the |brachial |artery |when |the |cuff |pressure |is |high |followed |by |the |
reappearance |of |the |sounds |at |a |lower |level.
, Basal |metabolic |rate |(BMR) |- |✔✔Rate |of |energy |utilization |in |the |body |required |to |maintain |essential
|activities |such |as |breathing. |Rates |decrease |with |age. |Generally |younger |people |have |higher |BMR.
Body |temperature |- |✔✔Reflects |the |balance |between |the |heat |produced |& |lost |from |the |body. |
Measured |in |degrees.
Bradycardia |- |✔✔Heart |rate |in |an |adult |of |less |than |60 |bpm.
Bradypnea |- |✔✔Abnormally |slow |respirations.
Cardiac |output |- |✔✔Volume |of |blood |pumped |into |the |arteries |by |the |heart |and |equals |the |result |of |
the |stroke |volume |(SV) |times |the |heart |rate |(HR) |per |min.
Compliance |- |✔✔Arteries |ability |to |contract |& |expand.
Conduction |- |✔✔The |transfer |of |heat |from |one |molecule |to |a |molecule |of |lower |temperature. |
Cannot |take |place |without |contact |between |the |molecules |& |normally |accounts |for |minimal |heat |
loss.
Constant |fever |- |✔✔Body |temperature |fluctuates |minimally |but |always |remains |above |normal.
Convection |- |✔✔Dispersion |of |heat |by |air |currents.
Core |temperature |- |✔✔Temperature |of |the |deep |tissues |of |the |body |such |as |the |abdominal |cavity |& |
pelvic |cavity. |Remains |relatively |constant.
Costal |breathing |(aka |thoracic |breathing) |- |✔✔Involves |external |interest |all |muscles |and |other |
accessory |muscles |such |as |the |sternocleidomastoid |muscles. |Can |be |observed |by |the |movement |of |
the |chest |upward |& |outward.
