Human Anatomy & Physiology (Marieb, Hoehn) – Chapter 2
Chemistry Comes Alive – Lecture Summary with correct answers
Matter Anything that has mass and occupies space (with some exceptions can be seen, smelled, felt) <<
correct answer >>States of matter: 1) Solid—definite shape and volume (i.e, bones, teeth)
2) Liquid—definite volume, changeable shape (i.e., blood plasma)
3) Gas—changeable shape and volume (i.e., air) << correct answer >>Solid (describe) definite shape
and volume << correct answer >>Liquid (describe) definite volume, changeable shape << correct
answer >>Gas (describe) changeable shape and volume << correct answer >>Energy
Capacity to do work or put matter into motion (Energy may be converted from one form to
another.
Conversion is inefficient because some energy is "lost" as heat.) << correct answer >>Types of energy:
1) Kinetic—energy in action
2) Potential—stored (inactive) energy << correct answer >>Kinetic energy is: energy in action; works
by moving objects which in turn can do work by moving or pushing on other objects (i.e., constant
movement of atoms, a bouncing ball, swinging door) << correct answer >>Potential energy is: stored
(inactive) energy; has the potential to do work but is not currently doing so (i.e., batteries in an unused
toy, your leg muscles when sitting still). WHEN POTENTIAL ENERGY IS RELEASED, IT BECOMES KINETIC
ENERGY. << correct answer >>Chemical reactions underlie ALL physiological processes, including:
movement, digestion, the pumping of your heart, and even your thoughts. << correct answer
>>Forms of energy (list) 1) Chemical energy—stored in bonds of chemical substances
2) Electrical energy—results from movement of charged particles
3) Mechanical energy—directly involved in moving matter
4) Radiant or electromagnetic energy—exhibits wavelike properties (i.e., visible light, ultraviolet light,
and X-rays) << correct answer >>Chemical energy is: the form stored in bonds of chemical
substances
When chemical reactions occur that rearrange the atoms of chemicals in a certain way, the potential
energy is unleased and becomes kinetic energy. << correct answer >>Electrical energy: results from
movement of charged particles
In your body, electrical currents are generated when charged particles called ions move along or across
cell membranes. The nervous system uses electrical currents, called nerve impulses, to transmit
messages from one part of the body to another. << correct answer >>Mechanical energy is: energy
directly involved in moving matter
, When you ride a bike, your legs provide mechanical energy that moves the pedals. << correct answer
>>Radiant or electromagnetic energy: exhibits wavelike properties (i.e., visible light, ultraviolet light,
and X-rays); collectively called the electromagnetic spectrum << correct answer >>Elements unique
substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods (i.e.,
oxygen, carbon, gold, silver, copper, iron).
118 elements are recognized, 92 occur in nature << correct answer >>These FOUR elements make up
about 96% of body weight: 1) Carbon
2) Oxygen
3) Hydrogen
4) Nitrogen
About 3.9% of body mass:
Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), magnesium (Mg),
iodine (I), and iron (Fe)
< 0.01% of body mass:
Part of enzymes, e.g., chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) << correct answer >>Adenosine
triphosphate / ATP Organic molecule that stores and releases chemical energy for use in body cells.
Adenine-containing RNA nucleotide with two additional phosphate groups.
Food fuels cannot be used to energize body activities directly. Some of the food energy is captured
temporarily in ATP. Later, ATP's bonds are broken and stored energy is released. Chemical energy in the
form of ATP is used to run almost all functional processes. << correct answer >>Atoms Unique building
blocks for each element
ALL ATOMS ARE ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL.
NUMBER OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS IS ALWAYS EQUAL.
Hydrogen is the simplest atom.
Chemistry Comes Alive – Lecture Summary with correct answers
Matter Anything that has mass and occupies space (with some exceptions can be seen, smelled, felt) <<
correct answer >>States of matter: 1) Solid—definite shape and volume (i.e, bones, teeth)
2) Liquid—definite volume, changeable shape (i.e., blood plasma)
3) Gas—changeable shape and volume (i.e., air) << correct answer >>Solid (describe) definite shape
and volume << correct answer >>Liquid (describe) definite volume, changeable shape << correct
answer >>Gas (describe) changeable shape and volume << correct answer >>Energy
Capacity to do work or put matter into motion (Energy may be converted from one form to
another.
Conversion is inefficient because some energy is "lost" as heat.) << correct answer >>Types of energy:
1) Kinetic—energy in action
2) Potential—stored (inactive) energy << correct answer >>Kinetic energy is: energy in action; works
by moving objects which in turn can do work by moving or pushing on other objects (i.e., constant
movement of atoms, a bouncing ball, swinging door) << correct answer >>Potential energy is: stored
(inactive) energy; has the potential to do work but is not currently doing so (i.e., batteries in an unused
toy, your leg muscles when sitting still). WHEN POTENTIAL ENERGY IS RELEASED, IT BECOMES KINETIC
ENERGY. << correct answer >>Chemical reactions underlie ALL physiological processes, including:
movement, digestion, the pumping of your heart, and even your thoughts. << correct answer
>>Forms of energy (list) 1) Chemical energy—stored in bonds of chemical substances
2) Electrical energy—results from movement of charged particles
3) Mechanical energy—directly involved in moving matter
4) Radiant or electromagnetic energy—exhibits wavelike properties (i.e., visible light, ultraviolet light,
and X-rays) << correct answer >>Chemical energy is: the form stored in bonds of chemical
substances
When chemical reactions occur that rearrange the atoms of chemicals in a certain way, the potential
energy is unleased and becomes kinetic energy. << correct answer >>Electrical energy: results from
movement of charged particles
In your body, electrical currents are generated when charged particles called ions move along or across
cell membranes. The nervous system uses electrical currents, called nerve impulses, to transmit
messages from one part of the body to another. << correct answer >>Mechanical energy is: energy
directly involved in moving matter
, When you ride a bike, your legs provide mechanical energy that moves the pedals. << correct answer
>>Radiant or electromagnetic energy: exhibits wavelike properties (i.e., visible light, ultraviolet light,
and X-rays); collectively called the electromagnetic spectrum << correct answer >>Elements unique
substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods (i.e.,
oxygen, carbon, gold, silver, copper, iron).
118 elements are recognized, 92 occur in nature << correct answer >>These FOUR elements make up
about 96% of body weight: 1) Carbon
2) Oxygen
3) Hydrogen
4) Nitrogen
About 3.9% of body mass:
Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), magnesium (Mg),
iodine (I), and iron (Fe)
< 0.01% of body mass:
Part of enzymes, e.g., chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) << correct answer >>Adenosine
triphosphate / ATP Organic molecule that stores and releases chemical energy for use in body cells.
Adenine-containing RNA nucleotide with two additional phosphate groups.
Food fuels cannot be used to energize body activities directly. Some of the food energy is captured
temporarily in ATP. Later, ATP's bonds are broken and stored energy is released. Chemical energy in the
form of ATP is used to run almost all functional processes. << correct answer >>Atoms Unique building
blocks for each element
ALL ATOMS ARE ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL.
NUMBER OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS IS ALWAYS EQUAL.
Hydrogen is the simplest atom.
