A LEVEL PE APPLIED ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. ACCURATE 2025 EXAM WITH 100% COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. DISTINCTION GUARANTEED.

A LEVEL PE APPLIED ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. ACCURATE 2025 EXAM WITH 100% COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. DISTINCTION GUARANTEED. Whattwo factors change heartrate? -CORRECT ANSNeural control mechanism and hormonal control mechanism What joint actions occur in the frontal plane and sagittal axis -CORRECT ANSHip and shoulder adduction and abduction What joint actions occur in the transverse plane and longitudinal axis -CORRECT ANSShoulder and hip horizontal adduction and abduction Antagonistic pair at the elbow -CORRECT ANSbicep and tricep Antagonist pair atthe ankle -CORRECT ANSTibialis anterior and gastrocnemius Antagonistic pair at the knee -CORRECT ANSquadriceps and hamstrings Antagonistic pairfor hip flexion/extension -CORRECT ANSIliopsoas/hip flexors and gluteals Antagonistic pairfor hip adduction/abduction -CORRECT ANSAbductors (adductor brevis, longus and Magnus) and tensor fascia Latae/gluteus medius/gluteus minimus Antagonistic pair for hip horizontal abduction/adduction - CORRECT ANSWER -Adductors and tensor fascia latae/gluteus medius and minimus Antagonistic pairforshoulderflexion/extension -CORRECT ANSAnterior deltoid and latissimus dorsi Antagonistic pairforshoulder abduction -CORRECT ANSMiddle deltoid working, posterior deltoid relaxing Antagonistic pair for shoulder horizontal abduction -CORRECT ANS Latissimus dorsi working, pectorals relaxing Whatis an isotonic contraction? -CORRECT ANSA muscle contractsto create movements Whatis a concentric contraction? -CORRECT ANSWhen a muscle shortens under tension Whatis an eccentric contraction? -CORRECT ANSWhen a muscle lengthens under tension Whatis an isometric contraction? -CORRECT ANSA muscle contracts without lengthening or shortening so no movement occurs I.e crucifix position Three stages of aerobic respiration -CORRECT ANSglycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain What happensin glycolysisin aerobic respiration -CORRECT ANSTakes place in the sarcoplasm of the muscle The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid by the enzyme phosphofructokinase A net of two molecules of ATP are formed Then splits into two acetyl groups before being carried into the mitochondria matrix by coenzyme A What happens in the Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration -CORRECT ANS Acetyl coenzyme A diffuses in to the matrix of the mitochondria. Acetyl co- enzyme A combines with oxaloacetic acid, forming citric acid. oxidative carboxylation occurs and hydrogen and carbon are given off. the carbon forms CO2 and is taken to the lungs, and the Hydrogen is used in the electron transport chain. Net gain of two molecules of ATP from this section What happens with fatsin the Krebs cycle -CORRECT ANSfatty acids undergo a process called beta oxidation, where they are converted into acetyl coenzyme A and used normally in the Krebs cycle what happens in the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration -CORRECT ANSoccursin the cristae of the mitochondria. hydrogen issplit into hydrogen ions and electrons which are charged. These H ions re oxidised to form water, while the electrons provide energy for re-synthesis of ATP. This produces 34 ATP What are chemoreceptors? -CORRECT ANSDetect an increase in blood CO2 levels What are baroreceptors? -CORRECT ANSDetectincrease in blood pressure What are proprioceptors? -CORRECT ANSDetectincrease inmuscle movement How does the neural control mechanism work? -CORRECT ANS Chemoreceptors, baroreceptors and proprioceptors detect change. This sends a signal to the cardiac control centre located in the medulla oblongata of the brain. This send an impulse via either the sympathetic or parasympathetic system to the SAN to increase/decrease heart rate