AHN 447 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What is the purpose of coronary circulation? - Answers - To supply blood/nutrients to
the heart
Coronary Circulation:
The left anterior descending (LAD) supplies... - Answers - anterior wall of LV, septum,
papillary muscles, chordae
Coronary Circulation:
The left circumflex artery supplies... - Answers - lateral wall LV, SA node, AV node
Coronary Circulation:
The right coronary artery supplies... - Answers - RA, RV, inferior wall of LV
Coronary blood flow to the heart muscle occurs during _____.
Adequate flow requires MAP of at least.... - Answers - diastole
60 mmHg
________________: The amount of blood from the left ventricle in one squeeze -
Answers - stroke volume
Stroke volume changes based on the.... (3 things) - Answers - preload, afterload,
contractility
__________: The amount of blood ejected from the LV over one minute. - Answers -
cardiac output
What does the vagus nerve do? - Answers - tells the heart rate to go down
3 main functions of the vascular system? - Answers - Provide conduits for blood flow to
and from the heart
Carry cellular waste products to excretory organs
Lymphatic flow to drain tissue fluid back into the general circulation
What happens to the heart as we age? - Answers - Valves thicken and stiffen
SA node decreases in mass/function
,Decrease in myocardial contractility- the squeeze is not as strong
Coronary arteries become more tortuous/calcification
What happens to the blood vessels as we age? - Answers - Thickens/stiffens
Less responsive to intrinsic changes
Slows exchange of nutrients from blood and tissues
What happens to the blood as we age? - Answers - Blood volume decreases
Decrease in bone marrow production of RBC...decrease H/H
Increased coagulability due to increased platelet aggregation and decreased fibrinolytic
action
What is one of the most important questions to ask a patient experiencing chest pain? -
Answers - Does it alleviate itself at rest? (Many patients have angina upon exertion)
Heart sounds:
1. S1 is the sound of...
2. It is best heard at...
3. S1 is the beginning of... - Answers - 1. closure of AV valves
2. Best heard at the apex
3. ventricular systole
Heart sounds:
1. S2 is the sound of...
2. S2 is best heard at the... - Answers - 1. Closure of PV/AV
2. Best heard at the base
This particular heart sound is shorter and high pitched. Which is it?
A. S1
B. S2 - Answers - B. S2
The S3 heart sound is fairly normal to heard in a patient younger than... - Answers - 35
, The S3 heart sound is also called a _______. It is an early sign of.... - Answers -
Ventricular gallop
HF
The S4 heart sound is also called _____. A patient with an S4 heart sound could have
which 3 conditions? - Answers - Atrial gallop
HTN, MI, Aortic/Pulmonic stenosis
What does a murmur mean? - Answers - An issue with the heart valves.
In general, what causes S3 and S4 heart sounds? - Answers - the ventricles are stiff
Turbulent blood flow across the heart valves is called... - Answers - a murmur
ANY levels of ______ in the bloodstream are abnormal and indicate a cardiac event.
This test is the gold standard - Answers - troponin
1. Total cholesterol should be less than ____.
2. HDL should be greater than ___/___. (Men/Women)
3. LDL should be less than ___.
4. Triglycerides should be less than ___/___. (Men/Women) - Answers - 1. 200
2.
3. 130
4.
Normal lab values:
1. INR
2. PTT
3. Platelet count - Answers - 1. INR = 0.9-1.1
2. PTT = 60-70 sec
3. Platelet count = 150K-400K
It is important to check _______ levels when the patient is using heparin - Answers -
PTT
Normal lab values:
1. Potassium
2. Magnesium - Answers - 1. Potassium = 3.5-5
2. Magnesium = 1.5-2.5
What is the purpose of coronary circulation? - Answers - To supply blood/nutrients to
the heart
Coronary Circulation:
The left anterior descending (LAD) supplies... - Answers - anterior wall of LV, septum,
papillary muscles, chordae
Coronary Circulation:
The left circumflex artery supplies... - Answers - lateral wall LV, SA node, AV node
Coronary Circulation:
The right coronary artery supplies... - Answers - RA, RV, inferior wall of LV
Coronary blood flow to the heart muscle occurs during _____.
Adequate flow requires MAP of at least.... - Answers - diastole
60 mmHg
________________: The amount of blood from the left ventricle in one squeeze -
Answers - stroke volume
Stroke volume changes based on the.... (3 things) - Answers - preload, afterload,
contractility
__________: The amount of blood ejected from the LV over one minute. - Answers -
cardiac output
What does the vagus nerve do? - Answers - tells the heart rate to go down
3 main functions of the vascular system? - Answers - Provide conduits for blood flow to
and from the heart
Carry cellular waste products to excretory organs
Lymphatic flow to drain tissue fluid back into the general circulation
What happens to the heart as we age? - Answers - Valves thicken and stiffen
SA node decreases in mass/function
,Decrease in myocardial contractility- the squeeze is not as strong
Coronary arteries become more tortuous/calcification
What happens to the blood vessels as we age? - Answers - Thickens/stiffens
Less responsive to intrinsic changes
Slows exchange of nutrients from blood and tissues
What happens to the blood as we age? - Answers - Blood volume decreases
Decrease in bone marrow production of RBC...decrease H/H
Increased coagulability due to increased platelet aggregation and decreased fibrinolytic
action
What is one of the most important questions to ask a patient experiencing chest pain? -
Answers - Does it alleviate itself at rest? (Many patients have angina upon exertion)
Heart sounds:
1. S1 is the sound of...
2. It is best heard at...
3. S1 is the beginning of... - Answers - 1. closure of AV valves
2. Best heard at the apex
3. ventricular systole
Heart sounds:
1. S2 is the sound of...
2. S2 is best heard at the... - Answers - 1. Closure of PV/AV
2. Best heard at the base
This particular heart sound is shorter and high pitched. Which is it?
A. S1
B. S2 - Answers - B. S2
The S3 heart sound is fairly normal to heard in a patient younger than... - Answers - 35
, The S3 heart sound is also called a _______. It is an early sign of.... - Answers -
Ventricular gallop
HF
The S4 heart sound is also called _____. A patient with an S4 heart sound could have
which 3 conditions? - Answers - Atrial gallop
HTN, MI, Aortic/Pulmonic stenosis
What does a murmur mean? - Answers - An issue with the heart valves.
In general, what causes S3 and S4 heart sounds? - Answers - the ventricles are stiff
Turbulent blood flow across the heart valves is called... - Answers - a murmur
ANY levels of ______ in the bloodstream are abnormal and indicate a cardiac event.
This test is the gold standard - Answers - troponin
1. Total cholesterol should be less than ____.
2. HDL should be greater than ___/___. (Men/Women)
3. LDL should be less than ___.
4. Triglycerides should be less than ___/___. (Men/Women) - Answers - 1. 200
2.
3. 130
4.
Normal lab values:
1. INR
2. PTT
3. Platelet count - Answers - 1. INR = 0.9-1.1
2. PTT = 60-70 sec
3. Platelet count = 150K-400K
It is important to check _______ levels when the patient is using heparin - Answers -
PTT
Normal lab values:
1. Potassium
2. Magnesium - Answers - 1. Potassium = 3.5-5
2. Magnesium = 1.5-2.5
