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BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
activation energy - correct answer- energy needed to start a
chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes
active transport - correct answer- movement of molecules
across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the
cell
adaptation - correct answer- inherited characteristic that
increases an organism's chance of survival
allele - correct answer- the different forms of a gene; could be
dominant or recessive
amino acid - correct answer- basic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures - correct answer- structures that do not
have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or
function
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anaphase - correct answer- the third phase of mitosis, during
which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward
opposite poles
antibiotic - correct answer- compound that blocks the growth
and reproduction of bacteria
antibody - correct answer- a substance produced by the body
that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that has entered the
body
antigen - correct answer- substance (usually foreign) that
stimulates the production of an antibody
archaea - correct answer- domain of unicellular prokaryotes
that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan
ATP - correct answer- a nucleotide that stores and transfers
energy within cells
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autotroph - correct answer- organism that can capture energy
from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food;
also called a producer
bacteria - correct answer- domain of unicellular prokaryotes
that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans
bacteriophage - correct answer- virus that infects bacteria
base deletion - correct answer- mutation which results in the
loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the
resulting protein
base insertion - correct answer- mutation which results in the
addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on
the resulting protein
base-pair substitution - correct answer- a type of point mutation
where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another
pair of nucleotides
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behavioral adaptation - correct answer- an inherited behavior
that helps an organism survive; like escaping from predators or
find a mate
binary fission - correct answer- asexual reproduction in
prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two identical cells
fetus - correct answer- an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in
the later stages of development showing the main recognizable
features of the mature animal
fever - correct answer- a rise in the temperature of the body
fitness - correct answer- the ability of an individual to survive
and reproduce in its specific environment
food chain - correct answer- a series of steps in which
organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
activation energy - correct answer- energy needed to start a
chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes
active transport - correct answer- movement of molecules
across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the
cell
adaptation - correct answer- inherited characteristic that
increases an organism's chance of survival
allele - correct answer- the different forms of a gene; could be
dominant or recessive
amino acid - correct answer- basic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures - correct answer- structures that do not
have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or
function
,2 | Page
anaphase - correct answer- the third phase of mitosis, during
which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward
opposite poles
antibiotic - correct answer- compound that blocks the growth
and reproduction of bacteria
antibody - correct answer- a substance produced by the body
that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that has entered the
body
antigen - correct answer- substance (usually foreign) that
stimulates the production of an antibody
archaea - correct answer- domain of unicellular prokaryotes
that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan
ATP - correct answer- a nucleotide that stores and transfers
energy within cells
,3 | Page
autotroph - correct answer- organism that can capture energy
from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food;
also called a producer
bacteria - correct answer- domain of unicellular prokaryotes
that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans
bacteriophage - correct answer- virus that infects bacteria
base deletion - correct answer- mutation which results in the
loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the
resulting protein
base insertion - correct answer- mutation which results in the
addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on
the resulting protein
base-pair substitution - correct answer- a type of point mutation
where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another
pair of nucleotides
, 4 | Page
behavioral adaptation - correct answer- an inherited behavior
that helps an organism survive; like escaping from predators or
find a mate
binary fission - correct answer- asexual reproduction in
prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two identical cells
fetus - correct answer- an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in
the later stages of development showing the main recognizable
features of the mature animal
fever - correct answer- a rise in the temperature of the body
fitness - correct answer- the ability of an individual to survive
and reproduce in its specific environment
food chain - correct answer- a series of steps in which
organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
