Iowa 3OT Pesticide Manual Complete
Solutions
1.EPA reported this much was spent on pesticide use for
industrial/commer- cial/government sector and this much was spend for
home and garden sector in 2012: 1.4 billion; 3.3 billion
2.Define integrated pest management: System that uses all available and
suit- able pest control tactics to reduce pest populations to tolerable
levels while minimiz- ing adverse environmental side effects.
3.Explain how aesthetic thresholds affect IPM tactics: Aesthetic thresholds
are based on tolerance, personal comfort, taste, plant appearance, and
specific site conditions.
Nurseries and the like have zero pest tolerance whereas landscape
plantings might have low tolerance.
Healthy lawns have a higher threshold than stressed, weakened lawns
4.Explain how IPM can reduce the use of pesticides: Pesticides are not
meant to be a solution to all problems.
IPM provides the most effective solutions in all regards, which may not
always be pesticides.
5.List the six control strategies used in IPM:
Cultural Mechanical
Host
resistance
Biological
,Regulatory
chemical
6.Define pesticide: Any material used to kill, attract, repel, regulate, or
interrupt growth and mating of pests, or to regulate plant growth
7.Contact pesticides: Must physically touch the pest organism or be
sprayed on the site the pest frequents to exert an action
Example would be protective fungicide
Must be re-applied to new plant tissues or if precipitation washes produc
off
8.Systemic pesticide: Enters the plant via roots or above ground plant
tissues and is moved inside of the plant.
Could render plant toxic to insect or mice
Could move through plant to kill parts of the plant
Example would be curative fungicide because it penetrates the plant and
stops disease
9.Preemergence: Applied prior to weed seed
germination. Little to no effect on weeds that have
emerged
10.Postemergence: Applied to actively growing
plants. Work best in sunlight, high humidity,
good soil moisture
11.Selective pesticide: Control only certain types or stages of pests while
leaving nontarget organisms unaffected.
Example would be herbicide that kills broadleaf weeds and not turfgrass
12.Nonselective pesticide: Exert their action on a wide variety of
,pests. Control most of the plants they are sprayed on.
13.Identify the best application timing for effective pest control as it
pertains to: plant diseases, insects, and weeds: Plant diseases
For fungicides, it is critical that susceptible tissues be protected before a
infection begins or at the first appearance of any symptoms
Insects
The younger the stage of insect, the more susceptible it is to chemical
control.
Weeds
Generally most effective when applied to actively growing plants and
least effective when plants are not actively growing
Annual weeds are easiest to control in early spring
Biennials should be treated in fall or early spring when in the rosette
stage Perennial weeds can be controlled in early bloom stage or in the
fall
14.Explain how pesticide resistance develops in a pest population:
Resistance is the ability of a pest species that was once effectively
controlled by a pesticide to survive spray concentrations that were
previously effective.
It is an inherited trait that results from repeated applications of pesticide
with the same site of action or mode of action.
Examples include pythium blight in turfgrass, botrytis in ornamental,
green peach aphid in insects, and goosegrass weeds
15.State the importance of the numeric codes at the top of a pesticide label
, and pesticide resistance: These codes help applicators quickly identify
the mode of action by looking at the group number.
Varying this can help reduce resistance
16.State four ways to minimize pesticide drift: Correctly chosen
nozzle Reduced spray pressure
Monitor weather conditions
Keeping the spray nozzle near the target
17.Summarize the ways in which pesticides can injure nontarget plants:
Con- tact can kill or injure plants
Movement into the root zone where it can be absorbed is also bad
18.List posting rules for a pesticide application: Required for urban
areas or municipalities
Solutions
1.EPA reported this much was spent on pesticide use for
industrial/commer- cial/government sector and this much was spend for
home and garden sector in 2012: 1.4 billion; 3.3 billion
2.Define integrated pest management: System that uses all available and
suit- able pest control tactics to reduce pest populations to tolerable
levels while minimiz- ing adverse environmental side effects.
3.Explain how aesthetic thresholds affect IPM tactics: Aesthetic thresholds
are based on tolerance, personal comfort, taste, plant appearance, and
specific site conditions.
Nurseries and the like have zero pest tolerance whereas landscape
plantings might have low tolerance.
Healthy lawns have a higher threshold than stressed, weakened lawns
4.Explain how IPM can reduce the use of pesticides: Pesticides are not
meant to be a solution to all problems.
IPM provides the most effective solutions in all regards, which may not
always be pesticides.
5.List the six control strategies used in IPM:
Cultural Mechanical
Host
resistance
Biological
,Regulatory
chemical
6.Define pesticide: Any material used to kill, attract, repel, regulate, or
interrupt growth and mating of pests, or to regulate plant growth
7.Contact pesticides: Must physically touch the pest organism or be
sprayed on the site the pest frequents to exert an action
Example would be protective fungicide
Must be re-applied to new plant tissues or if precipitation washes produc
off
8.Systemic pesticide: Enters the plant via roots or above ground plant
tissues and is moved inside of the plant.
Could render plant toxic to insect or mice
Could move through plant to kill parts of the plant
Example would be curative fungicide because it penetrates the plant and
stops disease
9.Preemergence: Applied prior to weed seed
germination. Little to no effect on weeds that have
emerged
10.Postemergence: Applied to actively growing
plants. Work best in sunlight, high humidity,
good soil moisture
11.Selective pesticide: Control only certain types or stages of pests while
leaving nontarget organisms unaffected.
Example would be herbicide that kills broadleaf weeds and not turfgrass
12.Nonselective pesticide: Exert their action on a wide variety of
,pests. Control most of the plants they are sprayed on.
13.Identify the best application timing for effective pest control as it
pertains to: plant diseases, insects, and weeds: Plant diseases
For fungicides, it is critical that susceptible tissues be protected before a
infection begins or at the first appearance of any symptoms
Insects
The younger the stage of insect, the more susceptible it is to chemical
control.
Weeds
Generally most effective when applied to actively growing plants and
least effective when plants are not actively growing
Annual weeds are easiest to control in early spring
Biennials should be treated in fall or early spring when in the rosette
stage Perennial weeds can be controlled in early bloom stage or in the
fall
14.Explain how pesticide resistance develops in a pest population:
Resistance is the ability of a pest species that was once effectively
controlled by a pesticide to survive spray concentrations that were
previously effective.
It is an inherited trait that results from repeated applications of pesticide
with the same site of action or mode of action.
Examples include pythium blight in turfgrass, botrytis in ornamental,
green peach aphid in insects, and goosegrass weeds
15.State the importance of the numeric codes at the top of a pesticide label
, and pesticide resistance: These codes help applicators quickly identify
the mode of action by looking at the group number.
Varying this can help reduce resistance
16.State four ways to minimize pesticide drift: Correctly chosen
nozzle Reduced spray pressure
Monitor weather conditions
Keeping the spray nozzle near the target
17.Summarize the ways in which pesticides can injure nontarget plants:
Con- tact can kill or injure plants
Movement into the root zone where it can be absorbed is also bad
18.List posting rules for a pesticide application: Required for urban
areas or municipalities
