PSYCHIATRIC HARM IN NEGLIGENCE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PASS
GUARANTEED 100% ✅
Psychiatric harm in negligence - Answer ✅A recognised medical condition arising from shock to
the nervous system due to witnessing or being involved in a horrific accident.
To prove liability in psychiatric harm, C must prove the following: - Answer ✅1. Recognised
psychiatricinjury
2. Either (i) Primary victim or (ii) Secondary VIctim
1. Recognised psychiatric injury
Miscarriage (流產) - Answer ✅Dulieu v White
Anxiety neurosis (焦慮性神經症) - Answer ✅Chadwick v BRB
Depression/ Personality change (憂鬱症/人格改變) - Answer ✅McLoughlin v O'Brian
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (創傷後壓力症候群) - Answer ✅Alcock v CC South Yorkshire
Pathological Grief Disorder (病理性悲傷障礙) - Answer ✅Vernon v Bosley
@2025 Exam Material 1
, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic encephalomyelitis (慢性疲勞症候群/肌痛性腦脊髓炎) -
Answer ✅Page v Smith
Morbid Depression (病態憂鬱症) - Answer ✅Hinz v Berry
Do not extent to mere grief/ emotion - Answer ✅Hinz v Berry
Do note extent to mere shock which does not lead to a medically recognised injury - Answer
✅Nicholls v Rushton
Primary victims - Answer ✅Any persons in immediate danger caused by D's negligence
Is he involved in the accident? - Answer ✅Page v Smith
Is he expected to the danger or reasonably believer that they are in physical danger (zone of the
danger) - Answer ✅Dulieu v White / McFaelane v EE Caledonian
Secondary victims - Answer ✅A person who witnessed the harm caused to PV by a shocking
event
SV must suffered from recognised psychiatric injury - Answer ✅Hinz v Berry
Psychiatric harm must be reasonably foreseeable in a person's normal fortitude - Answer
✅Bourhill v Young
SV must fulfill 4 addition Alcock criteria - Answer ✅1. Sufficiently close relationship of love and
affection with the immediate victim of the accident
@2025 Exam Material 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PASS
GUARANTEED 100% ✅
Psychiatric harm in negligence - Answer ✅A recognised medical condition arising from shock to
the nervous system due to witnessing or being involved in a horrific accident.
To prove liability in psychiatric harm, C must prove the following: - Answer ✅1. Recognised
psychiatricinjury
2. Either (i) Primary victim or (ii) Secondary VIctim
1. Recognised psychiatric injury
Miscarriage (流產) - Answer ✅Dulieu v White
Anxiety neurosis (焦慮性神經症) - Answer ✅Chadwick v BRB
Depression/ Personality change (憂鬱症/人格改變) - Answer ✅McLoughlin v O'Brian
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (創傷後壓力症候群) - Answer ✅Alcock v CC South Yorkshire
Pathological Grief Disorder (病理性悲傷障礙) - Answer ✅Vernon v Bosley
@2025 Exam Material 1
, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic encephalomyelitis (慢性疲勞症候群/肌痛性腦脊髓炎) -
Answer ✅Page v Smith
Morbid Depression (病態憂鬱症) - Answer ✅Hinz v Berry
Do not extent to mere grief/ emotion - Answer ✅Hinz v Berry
Do note extent to mere shock which does not lead to a medically recognised injury - Answer
✅Nicholls v Rushton
Primary victims - Answer ✅Any persons in immediate danger caused by D's negligence
Is he involved in the accident? - Answer ✅Page v Smith
Is he expected to the danger or reasonably believer that they are in physical danger (zone of the
danger) - Answer ✅Dulieu v White / McFaelane v EE Caledonian
Secondary victims - Answer ✅A person who witnessed the harm caused to PV by a shocking
event
SV must suffered from recognised psychiatric injury - Answer ✅Hinz v Berry
Psychiatric harm must be reasonably foreseeable in a person's normal fortitude - Answer
✅Bourhill v Young
SV must fulfill 4 addition Alcock criteria - Answer ✅1. Sufficiently close relationship of love and
affection with the immediate victim of the accident
@2025 Exam Material 2
