IMED1004 WEEK 4-6 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED GRADED A+
macronutrients - Answers nutrients consumed in largest quantities and provide energy- proteins, fats,
carbohydrates
micronutrients - Answers nutrients in small quantities for physiological functioning-vitamins and
minerals
Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) - Answers The amount of nutrient which on average meets the needs
of most healthy people. A set of values specific for age and biological need
australian dietary guidelines - Answers developed to guide and promote good nutrition and health, and
reduce diet-related disease and chronic disease
Promotes health and wellbeing.
Give the types and amounts of foods and food groups you should be consuming
EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) - Answers nutrient level required to meet the needs of
approximately HALF the healthy individuals in a sex and life stage group.
RDI (Recommended Daily Intake) - Answers Average daily intake level that is sufficient to meet the
nutrient requirements of nearly ALL (97-98%) of healthy individuals in a sex or life stage group
AI (Adequate Intake) - Answers used when the EAR cannot be determined- is an estimate nutrient intake
of groups of apparently healthy people. Observed approximate.
UL (Upper Intake Level) - Answers the highest daily intake level that will pose no adverse health risk to
healthy people. As intake above this level increases, the potential risk of adverse effects increases
SDT (Suggested Dietary Target) - Answers Daily average intake from food/beverages for certain nutrients
that will help prevent chronic disease.
TARGET TO PREVENT CHRONIC DISEASE
AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) - Answers Estimate of the range of intake of each
macronutrient for individuals ( expressed as a % contribution to energy) which would allow for an
adequate intake of all the other nutrients whilst maximising general health outcome.
Australian Dietary Guidelines - Answers Guideline 1:To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be
physically active and choose amounts of nutritious foods and drinks to meet your energy needs.
Guideline 2: Enjoy a variety of nutritious food from the 5 food groups every day
Guideline 3: Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugar and alcohol
Guideline 4: Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
, Guideline 5:Care for your food, prepare and store it safely
hypertension - Answers high blood pressure due to excessive sodium intake
Hyponatremia - Answers low sodium in the blood
potassium - Answers essential element involved in maintaining cellular polarization and transport of
solutes, maintains cell volume, control of enzyme function and regulation of ICF pH
Hypokalemia - Answers deficient potassium in the blood caused by diuretics, excessive vomiting and
diarrhoea. Causes muscle weakness and heart arrhythmia
haemoglobin - Answers has 4 subunits each containing a haem prosthetic group which can bind one
molecule of oxygen and carry it in blood.
myoglobin - Answers contains a haem group which can bind oxygen with only 1 subunit, found in muscle
and is able to store oxygen in muscle
ferritin - Answers iron storage protein which contains 24 subunits forming a nanocage.
transferrin - Answers iron transport protein
hydroxyl radical - Answers formed when Fe2+ converts to Fe3+, is highly reactive and can damage cells
by oxidising biomolecules.
metalloenzymes - Answers enzymes with iron, zinc, or other metals as part of their structure. Can use
iron to catalyse reactions. i.e. Aconitase (TCA cycle) converts citrate to isocitrate. The Fe-s centre
interacts with substrate to catalyse this reaction
iron deficiency anemia - Answers anaemia occurring when the haem group lacks Fe3+ resulting in
insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues. Caused by poor nutrition and slow, chronic bleeding
Haemochromatosis - Answers Genetic condition where body absorbs too much iron and stores in
organs, can lead to cirrhosis of liver
calcium - Answers mineral with a role in signalling (neuromuscular, cardiac), triggers muscle contraction,
involved in neuron firing and signalling in apoptosis. Has an upper limit (UL) of 2500mg
phosphate - Answers second most abundant inorganic element in body, role in chemicals which provide
cellular energy (ATP,GTP), nucleic acids
Hypophosphatemia - Answers below-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus. Symptoms
of anaemia, muscle weakness, rickets, ataxia, confusion, deatj
magnesium - Answers a cofactor of more than 300 enzymatic reactions, involved in DNA and RNA
synthesis, protein synthesis and metabolism
macronutrients - Answers nutrients consumed in largest quantities and provide energy- proteins, fats,
carbohydrates
micronutrients - Answers nutrients in small quantities for physiological functioning-vitamins and
minerals
Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) - Answers The amount of nutrient which on average meets the needs
of most healthy people. A set of values specific for age and biological need
australian dietary guidelines - Answers developed to guide and promote good nutrition and health, and
reduce diet-related disease and chronic disease
Promotes health and wellbeing.
Give the types and amounts of foods and food groups you should be consuming
EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) - Answers nutrient level required to meet the needs of
approximately HALF the healthy individuals in a sex and life stage group.
RDI (Recommended Daily Intake) - Answers Average daily intake level that is sufficient to meet the
nutrient requirements of nearly ALL (97-98%) of healthy individuals in a sex or life stage group
AI (Adequate Intake) - Answers used when the EAR cannot be determined- is an estimate nutrient intake
of groups of apparently healthy people. Observed approximate.
UL (Upper Intake Level) - Answers the highest daily intake level that will pose no adverse health risk to
healthy people. As intake above this level increases, the potential risk of adverse effects increases
SDT (Suggested Dietary Target) - Answers Daily average intake from food/beverages for certain nutrients
that will help prevent chronic disease.
TARGET TO PREVENT CHRONIC DISEASE
AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) - Answers Estimate of the range of intake of each
macronutrient for individuals ( expressed as a % contribution to energy) which would allow for an
adequate intake of all the other nutrients whilst maximising general health outcome.
Australian Dietary Guidelines - Answers Guideline 1:To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be
physically active and choose amounts of nutritious foods and drinks to meet your energy needs.
Guideline 2: Enjoy a variety of nutritious food from the 5 food groups every day
Guideline 3: Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugar and alcohol
Guideline 4: Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
, Guideline 5:Care for your food, prepare and store it safely
hypertension - Answers high blood pressure due to excessive sodium intake
Hyponatremia - Answers low sodium in the blood
potassium - Answers essential element involved in maintaining cellular polarization and transport of
solutes, maintains cell volume, control of enzyme function and regulation of ICF pH
Hypokalemia - Answers deficient potassium in the blood caused by diuretics, excessive vomiting and
diarrhoea. Causes muscle weakness and heart arrhythmia
haemoglobin - Answers has 4 subunits each containing a haem prosthetic group which can bind one
molecule of oxygen and carry it in blood.
myoglobin - Answers contains a haem group which can bind oxygen with only 1 subunit, found in muscle
and is able to store oxygen in muscle
ferritin - Answers iron storage protein which contains 24 subunits forming a nanocage.
transferrin - Answers iron transport protein
hydroxyl radical - Answers formed when Fe2+ converts to Fe3+, is highly reactive and can damage cells
by oxidising biomolecules.
metalloenzymes - Answers enzymes with iron, zinc, or other metals as part of their structure. Can use
iron to catalyse reactions. i.e. Aconitase (TCA cycle) converts citrate to isocitrate. The Fe-s centre
interacts with substrate to catalyse this reaction
iron deficiency anemia - Answers anaemia occurring when the haem group lacks Fe3+ resulting in
insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues. Caused by poor nutrition and slow, chronic bleeding
Haemochromatosis - Answers Genetic condition where body absorbs too much iron and stores in
organs, can lead to cirrhosis of liver
calcium - Answers mineral with a role in signalling (neuromuscular, cardiac), triggers muscle contraction,
involved in neuron firing and signalling in apoptosis. Has an upper limit (UL) of 2500mg
phosphate - Answers second most abundant inorganic element in body, role in chemicals which provide
cellular energy (ATP,GTP), nucleic acids
Hypophosphatemia - Answers below-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus. Symptoms
of anaemia, muscle weakness, rickets, ataxia, confusion, deatj
magnesium - Answers a cofactor of more than 300 enzymatic reactions, involved in DNA and RNA
synthesis, protein synthesis and metabolism
