GCU NUR 635 midterm 2025
Pharmacokinetics includes - CORRECT ANSWER-absorption, distribution, metabolism,
elimination
absorption of drugs factors - CORRECT ANSWER-PH changes, gastric emptying,
gastric enzymes, bile acids, GI flora, food and nutrient interactions, lipid solubility
Where is cyp450 system found - CORRECT ANSWER-endoplasmic reticulum of
hepatocytes
CYP3A4/5 - CORRECT ANSWER-most abundant CYP450 isoform which metabolizes
the most prescribed
" "drugs. Especially important for bioavailability due to its abundance in
" "cells lining the GI tract. Can be induced by a wide variety of drugs "
"and is potently inhibited by ketoconazole and erythromycin.
CYP2D6 - CORRECT ANSWER-metabolizes 25% of prescribed drugs
*3*4*5 majority of bad metabolizers
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Antiarrythmics
*carvedilol, *metoprolol
*codeine → morphine
*tamoxifen to active
CYP2c8/9 - CORRECT ANSWER-warfarin
CYP1A2 - CORRECT ANSWER-AcetAminophen
CRAP GPS induces my rage - CORRECT ANSWER-carbamazepine, rifampin,
alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulun, phenobarbitone, sulfonylureas
rectal admin has what absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-variable and erratic
steady state (SS) is usually reached within how many half-lives of a drug - CORRECT
ANSWER-4-5
zero-order(nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means a drug is metabolized - CORRECT
ANSWER-at a constant rate per unit time
Michaelis-menten pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-the rate of drug elimination
is directly proportion to the concentration of free drug (phenytoin)
theraputic index - CORRECT ANSWER-TD50 = median toxic dose
ED50 = median effective dose
, window = between those doses
safe drugs have a wider or high window/index
Agonist - CORRECT ANSWER-drugs that alter the physiology of a cell by binding to
plasma membrane or intracellular receptors
Antagonists (drugs) - CORRECT ANSWER-These drugs block the actions caused by
agonists
off-label use - CORRECT ANSWER-a drug can be used for an unapproved indication
and is legitimate if there is clinical data supporting its use for that indication
"safe" drug means - CORRECT ANSWER-the FDA has determined the drugs benefits
are greater than the possible risks involved with its use
elimination of drugs most often involves what function - CORRECT ANSWER-renal
Beta Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER--olol
propanolol
metoprolol
esmolol
atenolol
name short acting beta blocker - CORRECT ANSWER-esmolol
Calcium Channel Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-amlodipine, nicardipine
verapamil
felodipine
nifedipine
diltiazem
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER-lisinopril, captopril,
enalapril,
ramipril,
benazapril,
fosinopril
important side effects of ACEI - CORRECT ANSWER-cough, angioedema
angiotensinII receptor blocking agents - CORRECT ANSWER--sartan
valsartan, losartan, candesartan, Irbesartan
amlodipine causes the most - CORRECT ANSWER-peripheral edema, especially pedal
alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation results in - CORRECT ANSWER-vasoconstriction and
increased blood pressure
alpha 1 adrenergic blockade results in - CORRECT ANSWER-vasodilation and reduced
blood pressure
beta 1 adrenergic blockade results in - CORRECT ANSWER-reduced heart rate,
reduced blood pressure, reduced CO
Beta 1 adrenergic stimulation results in - CORRECT ANSWER-increased HR,
increased BP and increased CO
Beta 1 selective blocking agents have little effect on - CORRECT ANSWER-insulin
release from pancreatic beta-islet cells
beta blockers can mask signs of - CORRECT ANSWER-hypoglycemia except
diaphoresis
Pharmacokinetics includes - CORRECT ANSWER-absorption, distribution, metabolism,
elimination
absorption of drugs factors - CORRECT ANSWER-PH changes, gastric emptying,
gastric enzymes, bile acids, GI flora, food and nutrient interactions, lipid solubility
Where is cyp450 system found - CORRECT ANSWER-endoplasmic reticulum of
hepatocytes
CYP3A4/5 - CORRECT ANSWER-most abundant CYP450 isoform which metabolizes
the most prescribed
" "drugs. Especially important for bioavailability due to its abundance in
" "cells lining the GI tract. Can be induced by a wide variety of drugs "
"and is potently inhibited by ketoconazole and erythromycin.
CYP2D6 - CORRECT ANSWER-metabolizes 25% of prescribed drugs
*3*4*5 majority of bad metabolizers
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Antiarrythmics
*carvedilol, *metoprolol
*codeine → morphine
*tamoxifen to active
CYP2c8/9 - CORRECT ANSWER-warfarin
CYP1A2 - CORRECT ANSWER-AcetAminophen
CRAP GPS induces my rage - CORRECT ANSWER-carbamazepine, rifampin,
alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulun, phenobarbitone, sulfonylureas
rectal admin has what absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-variable and erratic
steady state (SS) is usually reached within how many half-lives of a drug - CORRECT
ANSWER-4-5
zero-order(nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means a drug is metabolized - CORRECT
ANSWER-at a constant rate per unit time
Michaelis-menten pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-the rate of drug elimination
is directly proportion to the concentration of free drug (phenytoin)
theraputic index - CORRECT ANSWER-TD50 = median toxic dose
ED50 = median effective dose
, window = between those doses
safe drugs have a wider or high window/index
Agonist - CORRECT ANSWER-drugs that alter the physiology of a cell by binding to
plasma membrane or intracellular receptors
Antagonists (drugs) - CORRECT ANSWER-These drugs block the actions caused by
agonists
off-label use - CORRECT ANSWER-a drug can be used for an unapproved indication
and is legitimate if there is clinical data supporting its use for that indication
"safe" drug means - CORRECT ANSWER-the FDA has determined the drugs benefits
are greater than the possible risks involved with its use
elimination of drugs most often involves what function - CORRECT ANSWER-renal
Beta Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER--olol
propanolol
metoprolol
esmolol
atenolol
name short acting beta blocker - CORRECT ANSWER-esmolol
Calcium Channel Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-amlodipine, nicardipine
verapamil
felodipine
nifedipine
diltiazem
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER-lisinopril, captopril,
enalapril,
ramipril,
benazapril,
fosinopril
important side effects of ACEI - CORRECT ANSWER-cough, angioedema
angiotensinII receptor blocking agents - CORRECT ANSWER--sartan
valsartan, losartan, candesartan, Irbesartan
amlodipine causes the most - CORRECT ANSWER-peripheral edema, especially pedal
alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation results in - CORRECT ANSWER-vasoconstriction and
increased blood pressure
alpha 1 adrenergic blockade results in - CORRECT ANSWER-vasodilation and reduced
blood pressure
beta 1 adrenergic blockade results in - CORRECT ANSWER-reduced heart rate,
reduced blood pressure, reduced CO
Beta 1 adrenergic stimulation results in - CORRECT ANSWER-increased HR,
increased BP and increased CO
Beta 1 selective blocking agents have little effect on - CORRECT ANSWER-insulin
release from pancreatic beta-islet cells
beta blockers can mask signs of - CORRECT ANSWER-hypoglycemia except
diaphoresis
