Pediatrics CMS III Final
1. full term
2. post-term
3. pre-term
1. first day of 37th week (37-42 weeks)
2. born on or after first day of week 42 (>42 weeks)
3. born on or before the last day of the 37th week (<37 weeks)
gestational age
number of weeks from the first day of mom's last period
low birth weight is defined as
<2500 grams (5.5 lbs)
VLBW: <1500 g
ELBW: <1000 g
this is not dependent on gestational age; can have a full term baby with low birth weight
T/F: pulmonary HTN is normal in a fetus
TRUE
90% of twins are
dizygotic (fraternal)
-occurs from simultaneous shedding of two oocytes and fertilization by different sperm
,monozygotic or identical twins occurs from splitting of the zygote at various stages of
development
T/F: preeclampsia is completely reversible by delivery of the baby
TRUE
-preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the U.S
T/F: if mom is a diabetic, there is a higher risk for the baby to have congenital anomalies
TRUE
-VSD
-neural tube defects
-abnormal GU
-Small left colon syndrome
-Caudal regression syndrome -->almost always infant of diabetic mother
How does ultrasound determine fetal age
measure Crown Rump Length (CRL)
-most accurate between 7-14 weeks
medications used to suppress premature labor
Tacolysis
T/F: baby Johnny is 3 months old therefore he is still a neonate
FALSE
,-neonate is less than 1 month old
-infant is less than 1 year old
1. Average for gestational age?
10%-90%
1. Risk for babies born from teen mothers
2. Risk for babies born from older mothers (>38 years old)
1. Risk small gestational age (<10%); premature delivery and low birth weight
2. Downs Syndrome
Clinical problems associated with large gestational age (>90%)
-will have to perform a C. Section or delivery by forceps or vacuum-->more traumatic birth
-this increases the risk for cephalohematoma, birth injuries like clavicle fx, brachial plexus
injury, facial nerve palsy and hypoglycemia
standard tool in assessing newborns that's used immediately after delivery to evaluate their
immediate adaptation to extrauterine life
APGAR
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
, The APGAR score is recorded at 1 minute and 5 minutes. What is the protocol for a cyanotic
baby?
At 1 minute an infant can be cyanotic
-if it does not clear by 5 minutes an additional score should be added at 10 minutes
A baby is just born. Their HR is 90 bpm, they have a good strong cry, they have some
bending of the arms and legs, they grimace and cough during stimulation, and the baby is
pink. What APGAR score should this baby receive? Is this a normal score?
8
-1 point for a HR less than 100 beats per minute
-2 points for strong cry
-1 point for some flexing of arms and legs
-2 points for grimace and cough to stimulation
-2 points for pink color
This is a good score!
>5 in first minutes and 8-10 by five minutes has dec morbidity/mortality
APGAR scores that indicate increased morbidity and mortality
-A score <4 at 1 minute: severe depression requiring immediate resuscitation
-A score <8 at 5 minutes: inc risk of cns dysfunction
remember: normal scores= >5 in first minute and 8-10 in first five minutes
criteria used that aids in determining the gestational age in preterm and term infants
New Ballard Scale
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNqzV7LuFGE
1. full term
2. post-term
3. pre-term
1. first day of 37th week (37-42 weeks)
2. born on or after first day of week 42 (>42 weeks)
3. born on or before the last day of the 37th week (<37 weeks)
gestational age
number of weeks from the first day of mom's last period
low birth weight is defined as
<2500 grams (5.5 lbs)
VLBW: <1500 g
ELBW: <1000 g
this is not dependent on gestational age; can have a full term baby with low birth weight
T/F: pulmonary HTN is normal in a fetus
TRUE
90% of twins are
dizygotic (fraternal)
-occurs from simultaneous shedding of two oocytes and fertilization by different sperm
,monozygotic or identical twins occurs from splitting of the zygote at various stages of
development
T/F: preeclampsia is completely reversible by delivery of the baby
TRUE
-preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the U.S
T/F: if mom is a diabetic, there is a higher risk for the baby to have congenital anomalies
TRUE
-VSD
-neural tube defects
-abnormal GU
-Small left colon syndrome
-Caudal regression syndrome -->almost always infant of diabetic mother
How does ultrasound determine fetal age
measure Crown Rump Length (CRL)
-most accurate between 7-14 weeks
medications used to suppress premature labor
Tacolysis
T/F: baby Johnny is 3 months old therefore he is still a neonate
FALSE
,-neonate is less than 1 month old
-infant is less than 1 year old
1. Average for gestational age?
10%-90%
1. Risk for babies born from teen mothers
2. Risk for babies born from older mothers (>38 years old)
1. Risk small gestational age (<10%); premature delivery and low birth weight
2. Downs Syndrome
Clinical problems associated with large gestational age (>90%)
-will have to perform a C. Section or delivery by forceps or vacuum-->more traumatic birth
-this increases the risk for cephalohematoma, birth injuries like clavicle fx, brachial plexus
injury, facial nerve palsy and hypoglycemia
standard tool in assessing newborns that's used immediately after delivery to evaluate their
immediate adaptation to extrauterine life
APGAR
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
, The APGAR score is recorded at 1 minute and 5 minutes. What is the protocol for a cyanotic
baby?
At 1 minute an infant can be cyanotic
-if it does not clear by 5 minutes an additional score should be added at 10 minutes
A baby is just born. Their HR is 90 bpm, they have a good strong cry, they have some
bending of the arms and legs, they grimace and cough during stimulation, and the baby is
pink. What APGAR score should this baby receive? Is this a normal score?
8
-1 point for a HR less than 100 beats per minute
-2 points for strong cry
-1 point for some flexing of arms and legs
-2 points for grimace and cough to stimulation
-2 points for pink color
This is a good score!
>5 in first minutes and 8-10 by five minutes has dec morbidity/mortality
APGAR scores that indicate increased morbidity and mortality
-A score <4 at 1 minute: severe depression requiring immediate resuscitation
-A score <8 at 5 minutes: inc risk of cns dysfunction
remember: normal scores= >5 in first minute and 8-10 in first five minutes
criteria used that aids in determining the gestational age in preterm and term infants
New Ballard Scale
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNqzV7LuFGE
