NSG 3100 Exam 2 Study Guide
1. afebrile: a person who maintains a normal body temperature of 97.6 to 99.5; age,exercise,
hormones, circadian rhythms, stress, and smoking may affect this.
2. hypothermia: low body temperature; shivering increases heat production, sweat-ing is
inhibited, vasoconstriction decreases heat loss (create a warm environment with blankets and
warming pads, cover head and feet, warm oral fluid
3. hyperthermia: high body temperature; sweating initiated to cool down the body,vasodilation
occurs (remove blankets, ensure adequate nutrition, reduce activity, administer antipyretics
like Tylenol, oral hygiene to keep oral area moist, cooling baths)
4. oral temperature route: thermometer goes under the tongue, "have you had any- thing hot or
cold to eat/drink in last minutes?" (not preferred site for infants, younger children, unconscious
patients, post oral surgery, or ppl with seizure disorders)
5. rectal temperature: contraindicated in newborns, neutropenic patients (low WBC), or spinal
cord injury patients. do not use on patients with diarrhea, rectaldisease, hemorrhoids, or
quadriplegic patients
6. tympanic temperature (ear): 3 years and younger- pull lobe down and back4 years and
older- pull pinna up and back
7. temporal temperature (forehead): scanned across forehead to measure tem-perature from
temporal artery
8. axillary temperature: used when the oral and rectal sites are contraindicated orinaccessible;
sight frequently used for newborns
9. factors that affect pulse rate:: age: age increases pulse decreasesgender: after puberty male
pulse rate is lower than average female hypovolemia: loss of blood increases pulse
hypoxia and hypoxemia: oxygen levels decrease so cardiac output increases result-ing in
increased pulse
stress: increase
10. apical pulse: central pulse near apex of heart at point of maximal impulse
11. peripheral pulse: palpated over arteries located away from heart and over bonyprominences
12. temporal pulse site: side of skull, used when radial is not accesible
13. carotid pulse site: side of neck, only site that should never be assessedbilaterally
14. apical pulse site: at the apex of the heart, most accurate pulse for listening
15. brachial pulse site: inner aspect of forearm at the antecubital space (crease atelbow)
16. radial pulse site: on the thumb side of the inner wrist along the radial bone
17. femoral pulse side: groin area (bikini line!) used to assess the circulation to theleg
, 18. popliteal pulse site: behind the knee, (knee pops all the time), used to assesscirculation to
the lower leg
19. posterior tibial pulse site: the backside of the ankle near the ankle bone, usedto determine
circulation to the foot
20. dorsalis pedal pulse site: across the top of the foot, used to determine circu-lation to the
foot and toes
21. which site is the most commonly used to asses pulse rate?: radial (at theinside of the wrist
by the thumb)
22. tachycardia: fast heart rate; greater than 100 bpm
23. bradycardia: slow heart rate; less than 60 bpm
24. dysrhythmia/arrhythmia: irregular heart rhythm
25. hypoxemia: low oxygen level in the blood
26. hypercapnia: high levels of carbon dioxide
27. factors affecting respiratory rate: age: as age increases, RR decreasesexercise: increase
acid-base balance: acidosis increase, alkalosis decreasespain: increase
28. tachypnea: Increased breathing rate
29. bradypnea: decrease in breathing rate
30. hypoventilation: decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
31. hyperventilation: the condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths
32. apnea: absence of breathing
33. dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing
34. orthopnea: difficulty breathing when lying down
35. eupnea: regular breathing
36. biot breathing: respirations abnormally shallow for two or three breaths followedby apnea
37. cheyne-stokes respirations: rhythmic respirations from very deep to very shal-low
38. kussmaul breathing: respirations abnormally deep, regular, and increased inrate
39. systolic/diastolic: peak pressure/lowest pressure
40. hypotension blood pressure: less than 90 systolic OR less than 60 diastolic
41. normal blood pressure: less than 120/less than 80
42. elevated blood pressure: 120-129/less than 80
43. hypertension stage 1: 130-139 OR 80-89
44. hypertension stage 2: 140 or higher or 90 or higher
1. afebrile: a person who maintains a normal body temperature of 97.6 to 99.5; age,exercise,
hormones, circadian rhythms, stress, and smoking may affect this.
2. hypothermia: low body temperature; shivering increases heat production, sweat-ing is
inhibited, vasoconstriction decreases heat loss (create a warm environment with blankets and
warming pads, cover head and feet, warm oral fluid
3. hyperthermia: high body temperature; sweating initiated to cool down the body,vasodilation
occurs (remove blankets, ensure adequate nutrition, reduce activity, administer antipyretics
like Tylenol, oral hygiene to keep oral area moist, cooling baths)
4. oral temperature route: thermometer goes under the tongue, "have you had any- thing hot or
cold to eat/drink in last minutes?" (not preferred site for infants, younger children, unconscious
patients, post oral surgery, or ppl with seizure disorders)
5. rectal temperature: contraindicated in newborns, neutropenic patients (low WBC), or spinal
cord injury patients. do not use on patients with diarrhea, rectaldisease, hemorrhoids, or
quadriplegic patients
6. tympanic temperature (ear): 3 years and younger- pull lobe down and back4 years and
older- pull pinna up and back
7. temporal temperature (forehead): scanned across forehead to measure tem-perature from
temporal artery
8. axillary temperature: used when the oral and rectal sites are contraindicated orinaccessible;
sight frequently used for newborns
9. factors that affect pulse rate:: age: age increases pulse decreasesgender: after puberty male
pulse rate is lower than average female hypovolemia: loss of blood increases pulse
hypoxia and hypoxemia: oxygen levels decrease so cardiac output increases result-ing in
increased pulse
stress: increase
10. apical pulse: central pulse near apex of heart at point of maximal impulse
11. peripheral pulse: palpated over arteries located away from heart and over bonyprominences
12. temporal pulse site: side of skull, used when radial is not accesible
13. carotid pulse site: side of neck, only site that should never be assessedbilaterally
14. apical pulse site: at the apex of the heart, most accurate pulse for listening
15. brachial pulse site: inner aspect of forearm at the antecubital space (crease atelbow)
16. radial pulse site: on the thumb side of the inner wrist along the radial bone
17. femoral pulse side: groin area (bikini line!) used to assess the circulation to theleg
, 18. popliteal pulse site: behind the knee, (knee pops all the time), used to assesscirculation to
the lower leg
19. posterior tibial pulse site: the backside of the ankle near the ankle bone, usedto determine
circulation to the foot
20. dorsalis pedal pulse site: across the top of the foot, used to determine circu-lation to the
foot and toes
21. which site is the most commonly used to asses pulse rate?: radial (at theinside of the wrist
by the thumb)
22. tachycardia: fast heart rate; greater than 100 bpm
23. bradycardia: slow heart rate; less than 60 bpm
24. dysrhythmia/arrhythmia: irregular heart rhythm
25. hypoxemia: low oxygen level in the blood
26. hypercapnia: high levels of carbon dioxide
27. factors affecting respiratory rate: age: as age increases, RR decreasesexercise: increase
acid-base balance: acidosis increase, alkalosis decreasespain: increase
28. tachypnea: Increased breathing rate
29. bradypnea: decrease in breathing rate
30. hypoventilation: decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
31. hyperventilation: the condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths
32. apnea: absence of breathing
33. dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing
34. orthopnea: difficulty breathing when lying down
35. eupnea: regular breathing
36. biot breathing: respirations abnormally shallow for two or three breaths followedby apnea
37. cheyne-stokes respirations: rhythmic respirations from very deep to very shal-low
38. kussmaul breathing: respirations abnormally deep, regular, and increased inrate
39. systolic/diastolic: peak pressure/lowest pressure
40. hypotension blood pressure: less than 90 systolic OR less than 60 diastolic
41. normal blood pressure: less than 120/less than 80
42. elevated blood pressure: 120-129/less than 80
43. hypertension stage 1: 130-139 OR 80-89
44. hypertension stage 2: 140 or higher or 90 or higher
