Page | 1
PSYC 388- Final Questions and Verified
Answers
Q: List 5 factors that influenced the development of counselling in Canada since the
1960s.
ANS: - There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was important
because it distinguished counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in
counselling.
Q:
E.G. Williamson
ANS: Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Q:
Clifford Beers
ANS: He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better treatment of
patients and for better mental health facilities.
Q:
Frank Parsons
ANS: Founder of vocational guidance
Q:
Carl Rogers
ANS: Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Q:
, Page | 2
Albert Ellis
ANS: Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive therapy that
focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Q:
Eric Berne
ANS: Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the child, the
adult, and the parent.
Q:
Aaron Beck
ANS: Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify automatic
thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
Q:
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
ANS: (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3)
Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Q:
Diff between Canada and US in counselling
ANS: Counselling in USA grew out of professional psychology; in Canada grew out of
educational psychology.
Q:
1980s counselling also changed because of
ANS: attention to gender issues and sexual preferences, feminist theory, renewed
emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with different ethnic and
cultural groups.
Q:
Lawrence Kohlberg
ANS: moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their
responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral
dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he
steal the medication and why?
Q:
, Page | 3
Wellness Mode --2000
ANS: Wellness Mode --2000
Q:
Describe how the vocational guidance movement in public schools, and later in Canadian
colleges and universities, contributed to the growth of the profession of counselling in
Canada.
ANS: Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in schools in
areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time counsellors as
a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic approach. Counselling
became to be seen as a crucial part of schools and should be its own profession.
Q:
An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied mental health
professionals is:
ANS: their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
Q:
Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals with ___
ANS: choice; change
Q:
Good qualities for effective counsellor (12)
, Page | 4
ANS: Curiosity,
ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
introspection,
capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
Q:
Bad reasons for becoming a counsellor (6)
ANS: 1. Emotional distress,
2. Vicarious coping,
3. loneliness,
4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6. Vicarious rebellion
Q:
identify the symptoms of burnout, describe its treatment, and identify ways to prevent it.
PSYC 388- Final Questions and Verified
Answers
Q: List 5 factors that influenced the development of counselling in Canada since the
1960s.
ANS: - There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was important
because it distinguished counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in
counselling.
Q:
E.G. Williamson
ANS: Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Q:
Clifford Beers
ANS: He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better treatment of
patients and for better mental health facilities.
Q:
Frank Parsons
ANS: Founder of vocational guidance
Q:
Carl Rogers
ANS: Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Q:
, Page | 2
Albert Ellis
ANS: Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive therapy that
focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Q:
Eric Berne
ANS: Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the child, the
adult, and the parent.
Q:
Aaron Beck
ANS: Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify automatic
thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
Q:
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
ANS: (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3)
Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Q:
Diff between Canada and US in counselling
ANS: Counselling in USA grew out of professional psychology; in Canada grew out of
educational psychology.
Q:
1980s counselling also changed because of
ANS: attention to gender issues and sexual preferences, feminist theory, renewed
emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with different ethnic and
cultural groups.
Q:
Lawrence Kohlberg
ANS: moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their
responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral
dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he
steal the medication and why?
Q:
, Page | 3
Wellness Mode --2000
ANS: Wellness Mode --2000
Q:
Describe how the vocational guidance movement in public schools, and later in Canadian
colleges and universities, contributed to the growth of the profession of counselling in
Canada.
ANS: Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in schools in
areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time counsellors as
a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic approach. Counselling
became to be seen as a crucial part of schools and should be its own profession.
Q:
An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied mental health
professionals is:
ANS: their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
Q:
Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals with ___
ANS: choice; change
Q:
Good qualities for effective counsellor (12)
, Page | 4
ANS: Curiosity,
ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
introspection,
capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
Q:
Bad reasons for becoming a counsellor (6)
ANS: 1. Emotional distress,
2. Vicarious coping,
3. loneliness,
4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6. Vicarious rebellion
Q:
identify the symptoms of burnout, describe its treatment, and identify ways to prevent it.
