HUMAN
ANATOMY
&PHYSIOLOGY
The Ultimate Cheat Sheet
,Cardiovascular System
1. Overview & Function
• Closed circulatory system transporting blood via vessels
• Main functions:
o Deliver oxygen & nutrients to tissues
o Remove CO₂ & waste
o Hormone transport
o Thermoregulation
o Immune function
2. Anatomy of the Heart
The Unknown Professor ©
, Location
• Mediastinum, behind sternum, between lungs
• Apex: points left, at 5th intercostal space
Chambers
• Right Atrium: receives deoxygenated blood (SVC, IVC,
coronary sinus)
• Right Ventricle: sends blood to lungs via pulmonary artery
• Left Atrium: receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary
veins
• Left Ventricle: sends oxygenated blood to body via aorta.
Valves
Valve Location Function
Tricuspid RA → RV Prevent backflow
Pulmonary RV → Pulmonary Artery Prevent backflow
Mitral (Bicuspid) LA → LV Prevent backflow
Aortic LV → Aorta Prevent backflow
Mnemonic: Toilet Paper My Ass (TPMA) → Tricuspid, Pulmonary,
Mitral, Aortic
The Unknown Professor ©
, 3. Heart Wall Layers
• Endocardium – inner lining
• Myocardium – cardiac muscle (thickest)
• Epicardium – outer layer (visceral pericardium)
• Pericardium – fibrous sac with fluid to reduce friction
4. Blood Flow Pathway
RA → Tricuspid → RV → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary
Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → LA → Mitral Valve
→ LV → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
The Unknown Professor ©
ANATOMY
&PHYSIOLOGY
The Ultimate Cheat Sheet
,Cardiovascular System
1. Overview & Function
• Closed circulatory system transporting blood via vessels
• Main functions:
o Deliver oxygen & nutrients to tissues
o Remove CO₂ & waste
o Hormone transport
o Thermoregulation
o Immune function
2. Anatomy of the Heart
The Unknown Professor ©
, Location
• Mediastinum, behind sternum, between lungs
• Apex: points left, at 5th intercostal space
Chambers
• Right Atrium: receives deoxygenated blood (SVC, IVC,
coronary sinus)
• Right Ventricle: sends blood to lungs via pulmonary artery
• Left Atrium: receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary
veins
• Left Ventricle: sends oxygenated blood to body via aorta.
Valves
Valve Location Function
Tricuspid RA → RV Prevent backflow
Pulmonary RV → Pulmonary Artery Prevent backflow
Mitral (Bicuspid) LA → LV Prevent backflow
Aortic LV → Aorta Prevent backflow
Mnemonic: Toilet Paper My Ass (TPMA) → Tricuspid, Pulmonary,
Mitral, Aortic
The Unknown Professor ©
, 3. Heart Wall Layers
• Endocardium – inner lining
• Myocardium – cardiac muscle (thickest)
• Epicardium – outer layer (visceral pericardium)
• Pericardium – fibrous sac with fluid to reduce friction
4. Blood Flow Pathway
RA → Tricuspid → RV → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary
Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → LA → Mitral Valve
→ LV → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
The Unknown Professor ©
