PALS PEDIATRIC STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Look for Loss of blood. - ✔✔What is the first step in determining if Arrest is related to
Hypovolemia
✔✔Establish IV access - Fluids - ✔✔After CPR what is the most important intervention
✔✔Hypoxia - ✔✔Deprivation of adequate Oxygen supply contributing to arrest
✔✔Airway is open, the patient has adequate rise and fall of chest and bilateral breath
sounds. O2 source is connected properly. - ✔✔What should you ensure in cases of
hypoxia
✔✔ABG - ✔✔In order to determine if a patient has respiratory acidosis what test is
needed
✔✔Provide adequate ventilation - ✔✔How do you prevent and treat respiratory Acidosis
✔✔Give the Pt. Sodium Bicarb - ✔✔How do you prevent metabolic acidosis
✔✔Tall and peaked T-waves and widening of the QRS complex - ✔✔What is the major
sign of hyperkalemia
✔✔Sodium Bicarbonate
Glucose and Insulin
Calcium Chloride
Kayexalate,
Dialysis
Albuterol - ✔✔How would you treat hyperkalemia
✔✔Flattened T Wave and prominent U Waves possibly a widened QRS as well -
✔✔What is a major sign of hypokalemia
✔✔Rapid but controlled infusion of potassium. Never give undiluted IV K - ✔✔How is
Hypokalemia treated
✔✔Greater than 60 in kids
Greater than 45 in infants - ✔✔What is normal glucose level for Children and Infants
✔✔IV dextrose - ✔✔How do you treat hyperglycemia
, ✔✔GET THEM WARMED - until warm they may not respond to drug therapy, electrical
therapy (defib/ pacing) - ✔✔What is priority in a hyperthermic patient and why
✔✔86 degrees - ✔✔Core temp needs to be raised above what?
✔✔Toxins
Tension Pneumothorax
Tamponade
Thrombosis (MI/PE) - ✔✔What are the 5 T's
A young boy Tom was walking his dog in a nuclear waste land. He tried to stay on the
trail but slipped and punctured his lung. He laid on the ground and felt the pressure
build pushing on the heart. He knew it was the end he imagined to clots taking to paths
to end his misery
✔✔Tension Pneumothorax - ✔✔Occurs when air is allowed to enter the pleural space
and is prevented from escaping naturally. Tension builds that causes shifts in
intrathoracic structure that can rapidly lead to cardiovascular collapse and death
✔✔Narrow QRS complexes and Bradycardia - ✔✔What are ECG signs of a tension
pneumothorax
✔✔JVD, Tracheal deviation, Unequal breath sounds, difficulty breathing - ✔✔What are
physical signs of tension pneumothorax
✔✔Needle decompression - ✔✔WHat is the treatment for a tension pneumothorax
✔✔Tamponade - ✔✔Condition in which fluid builds into the pericardium this results in
ineffective pumping of blood and could lead to cardiac arrest
✔✔Narrow QRS and Rapid pulse - ✔✔What are ECG syomptoms of Tamponade
✔✔JVD, no pulse or difficulty finding one, muffled heart sounds - ✔✔What are physical
signs of tamponade
✔✔Pericardiocentesis - ✔✔What is the treatment for tamponade
✔✔Accidental OD of several kinds of meds can cause arrest. Could be due to direct
cardiac toxicity or secondary to respiratory depression or circulatory effects - ✔✔How
are kids exposed to toxins
✔✔opioids, benzodiazepines, ETOH - ✔✔Common toxins that cause respiratory
depression
WITH SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Look for Loss of blood. - ✔✔What is the first step in determining if Arrest is related to
Hypovolemia
✔✔Establish IV access - Fluids - ✔✔After CPR what is the most important intervention
✔✔Hypoxia - ✔✔Deprivation of adequate Oxygen supply contributing to arrest
✔✔Airway is open, the patient has adequate rise and fall of chest and bilateral breath
sounds. O2 source is connected properly. - ✔✔What should you ensure in cases of
hypoxia
✔✔ABG - ✔✔In order to determine if a patient has respiratory acidosis what test is
needed
✔✔Provide adequate ventilation - ✔✔How do you prevent and treat respiratory Acidosis
✔✔Give the Pt. Sodium Bicarb - ✔✔How do you prevent metabolic acidosis
✔✔Tall and peaked T-waves and widening of the QRS complex - ✔✔What is the major
sign of hyperkalemia
✔✔Sodium Bicarbonate
Glucose and Insulin
Calcium Chloride
Kayexalate,
Dialysis
Albuterol - ✔✔How would you treat hyperkalemia
✔✔Flattened T Wave and prominent U Waves possibly a widened QRS as well -
✔✔What is a major sign of hypokalemia
✔✔Rapid but controlled infusion of potassium. Never give undiluted IV K - ✔✔How is
Hypokalemia treated
✔✔Greater than 60 in kids
Greater than 45 in infants - ✔✔What is normal glucose level for Children and Infants
✔✔IV dextrose - ✔✔How do you treat hyperglycemia
, ✔✔GET THEM WARMED - until warm they may not respond to drug therapy, electrical
therapy (defib/ pacing) - ✔✔What is priority in a hyperthermic patient and why
✔✔86 degrees - ✔✔Core temp needs to be raised above what?
✔✔Toxins
Tension Pneumothorax
Tamponade
Thrombosis (MI/PE) - ✔✔What are the 5 T's
A young boy Tom was walking his dog in a nuclear waste land. He tried to stay on the
trail but slipped and punctured his lung. He laid on the ground and felt the pressure
build pushing on the heart. He knew it was the end he imagined to clots taking to paths
to end his misery
✔✔Tension Pneumothorax - ✔✔Occurs when air is allowed to enter the pleural space
and is prevented from escaping naturally. Tension builds that causes shifts in
intrathoracic structure that can rapidly lead to cardiovascular collapse and death
✔✔Narrow QRS complexes and Bradycardia - ✔✔What are ECG signs of a tension
pneumothorax
✔✔JVD, Tracheal deviation, Unequal breath sounds, difficulty breathing - ✔✔What are
physical signs of tension pneumothorax
✔✔Needle decompression - ✔✔WHat is the treatment for a tension pneumothorax
✔✔Tamponade - ✔✔Condition in which fluid builds into the pericardium this results in
ineffective pumping of blood and could lead to cardiac arrest
✔✔Narrow QRS and Rapid pulse - ✔✔What are ECG syomptoms of Tamponade
✔✔JVD, no pulse or difficulty finding one, muffled heart sounds - ✔✔What are physical
signs of tamponade
✔✔Pericardiocentesis - ✔✔What is the treatment for tamponade
✔✔Accidental OD of several kinds of meds can cause arrest. Could be due to direct
cardiac toxicity or secondary to respiratory depression or circulatory effects - ✔✔How
are kids exposed to toxins
✔✔opioids, benzodiazepines, ETOH - ✔✔Common toxins that cause respiratory
depression
