PALS PEDIATRIC 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔At what age can a fluid bolus be considered for cardiac arrest? - ✔✔>= 24 hours
✔✔What are the conditions for a saline fluid bolus during cardiac arrest? - ✔✔PEA or
any other rhythm where hypovolemia is suspected
✔✔How much volume of IV fluid bolus can you admin a pediatric >= 24 hours old and
<12 years old? - ✔✔20mL/kg, up to 2000mL
✔✔After how many minutes of unsuccessful IV/IO attempts should you consider ETT
drug admin? - ✔✔5 minutes
✔✔What drugs can you administer down the ETT tube? (acronym) - ✔✔NAVEL -
narcan, atropine, Ventolin, epinephrine, lidocaine (we don't carry)
✔✔What is the maximum fluid volume we can administer down the ETT tube? -
✔✔5mL, followed by 5 rapid breaths
✔✔What are strategies for managing upper airway obstructions in paediatrics? - ✔✔-
positioning: sniffing, observe for lack of patency
- remove obstructions (magills, suction)
- medicate (salbutamol, dexamethasone, epi)
- minimize aggitation
- intubation
✔✔What medications should you consider for croup? - ✔✔Epinephrine and
dexamethasone
✔✔What age ranges can we treat croup with epi and dexamethosone? - ✔✔>= 6
months to < 8y/o
✔✔What is the difference in conditions between dexamethasone and epinephrine in
treating croup? - ✔✔epinephrine must have a HR below 200bpm and stridor at rest, and
dexamethasone must have an unaltered pt (admin PO) and is good for mild - severe
✔✔What is the weight devision for dosing pediatric epinephrine for croup? what are the
differing doses? - ✔✔<10kg and >= 10 kg
2.5mg and 5mg
✔✔How many doses of epinephrine can be given for croup? - ✔✔1
, ✔✔What is the dose of dexamethasone for croup? and max single dose? - ✔✔0.5mg/kg
up to 8mg
✔✔How do we manage mild anaphylaxis in a <25kg patient? - ✔✔patch for
diphenhydramine - 12.5mg/ 0.25mL
✔✔How do you manage mild anaphylaxis in a >25 - 50kg patient? - ✔✔25mg of
diphenhydramine
✔✔How do we treat mild anaphylaxis in a >50kg patient? - ✔✔50mg of
diphenhydramine
✔✔How do we manage moderate anaphylaxis? - ✔✔IM 1:1000 epinephrine 0.01mg/kg
IV +/- bolus
ventolin
diphenhydramine
✔✔How do we treat severe anaphylaxis or VSA patient? - ✔✔BVM + AMAX 4
- patch for push dose IV epinephrine (cardiac arrest dose)
- muscle relaxant (not applicable)
- airway: ETT with cuff
- Xtreme ventilation, Xtra bronchodilators, Xtra vasopressors, consider pneumothoraX
- 4 minutes until hypoxic brain injury
✔✔How do you manage a conscious choking <1 y/o? - ✔✔back slaps x5, chest thrusts
x5
✔✔How do you manage a conscious choking > 1y/o? - ✔✔heart and stroke says: kneel
behind and give abdo thrusts
Red Cross says do 2/3: Back blows, chest thrusts, abdomen thrusts
✔✔How do you manage an unconscious child from choking of any age? - ✔✔chest
thrusts: 30 compressions with abdominal pressure >> airway check/ breath >> magills +
suction + intubate
✔✔What are some red flags of pediatric suspected choking? - ✔✔- sudden onset of
SOB/ coughing/ gagging/ stridor/ wheezing
- under 3y/o = increased risk
- prior action: eating food (hotdogs**), playing with round cylindrical toys, latex balloons
✔✔What is a retro pharyngeal abscess? - ✔✔a deep space infection - causing
expansion of posterior tissue behind esophagus
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔At what age can a fluid bolus be considered for cardiac arrest? - ✔✔>= 24 hours
✔✔What are the conditions for a saline fluid bolus during cardiac arrest? - ✔✔PEA or
any other rhythm where hypovolemia is suspected
✔✔How much volume of IV fluid bolus can you admin a pediatric >= 24 hours old and
<12 years old? - ✔✔20mL/kg, up to 2000mL
✔✔After how many minutes of unsuccessful IV/IO attempts should you consider ETT
drug admin? - ✔✔5 minutes
✔✔What drugs can you administer down the ETT tube? (acronym) - ✔✔NAVEL -
narcan, atropine, Ventolin, epinephrine, lidocaine (we don't carry)
✔✔What is the maximum fluid volume we can administer down the ETT tube? -
✔✔5mL, followed by 5 rapid breaths
✔✔What are strategies for managing upper airway obstructions in paediatrics? - ✔✔-
positioning: sniffing, observe for lack of patency
- remove obstructions (magills, suction)
- medicate (salbutamol, dexamethasone, epi)
- minimize aggitation
- intubation
✔✔What medications should you consider for croup? - ✔✔Epinephrine and
dexamethasone
✔✔What age ranges can we treat croup with epi and dexamethosone? - ✔✔>= 6
months to < 8y/o
✔✔What is the difference in conditions between dexamethasone and epinephrine in
treating croup? - ✔✔epinephrine must have a HR below 200bpm and stridor at rest, and
dexamethasone must have an unaltered pt (admin PO) and is good for mild - severe
✔✔What is the weight devision for dosing pediatric epinephrine for croup? what are the
differing doses? - ✔✔<10kg and >= 10 kg
2.5mg and 5mg
✔✔How many doses of epinephrine can be given for croup? - ✔✔1
, ✔✔What is the dose of dexamethasone for croup? and max single dose? - ✔✔0.5mg/kg
up to 8mg
✔✔How do we manage mild anaphylaxis in a <25kg patient? - ✔✔patch for
diphenhydramine - 12.5mg/ 0.25mL
✔✔How do you manage mild anaphylaxis in a >25 - 50kg patient? - ✔✔25mg of
diphenhydramine
✔✔How do we treat mild anaphylaxis in a >50kg patient? - ✔✔50mg of
diphenhydramine
✔✔How do we manage moderate anaphylaxis? - ✔✔IM 1:1000 epinephrine 0.01mg/kg
IV +/- bolus
ventolin
diphenhydramine
✔✔How do we treat severe anaphylaxis or VSA patient? - ✔✔BVM + AMAX 4
- patch for push dose IV epinephrine (cardiac arrest dose)
- muscle relaxant (not applicable)
- airway: ETT with cuff
- Xtreme ventilation, Xtra bronchodilators, Xtra vasopressors, consider pneumothoraX
- 4 minutes until hypoxic brain injury
✔✔How do you manage a conscious choking <1 y/o? - ✔✔back slaps x5, chest thrusts
x5
✔✔How do you manage a conscious choking > 1y/o? - ✔✔heart and stroke says: kneel
behind and give abdo thrusts
Red Cross says do 2/3: Back blows, chest thrusts, abdomen thrusts
✔✔How do you manage an unconscious child from choking of any age? - ✔✔chest
thrusts: 30 compressions with abdominal pressure >> airway check/ breath >> magills +
suction + intubate
✔✔What are some red flags of pediatric suspected choking? - ✔✔- sudden onset of
SOB/ coughing/ gagging/ stridor/ wheezing
- under 3y/o = increased risk
- prior action: eating food (hotdogs**), playing with round cylindrical toys, latex balloons
✔✔What is a retro pharyngeal abscess? - ✔✔a deep space infection - causing
expansion of posterior tissue behind esophagus
