NP 235 TEST PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔When a person does not have enough platelets
Symptoms include easy bruising, and frequent bleeding from the gums, nose, or GI
tract. Platelet counts drops when something is preventing the body from producing
platelets - ✔✔thrombocytopenia.
✔✔Medications
An inherited condition
Certain types of cancer, such as leukemia or lymphoma
Chemotherapy treatment for cancer
Kidney infection or dysfunction
Too much alcohol - ✔✔Causes of thrombocytopenia
✔✔helps the body keep fluids in a normal balance.
It plays a key role in normal nerve and muscle function. - ✔✔Sodium (Na)
✔✔Normal Range: 135 - 145 mEq/L - ✔✔sodium range
✔✔Losing sodium quickly is a medical emergency. It can cause loss of consciousness,
seizures, and coma. - ✔✔Sodium Deficiency (hyponatremia)
✔✔Weakness
fatigue or low energy
headache
nausea
vomiting
muscle cramps or spasms
confusion
irritability - ✔✔Common symptoms of low blood sodium (hyponatremia)
✔✔dehydration
severe, watery diarrhea
vomiting
fever
delirium or dementia
certain medications
poorly controlled diabetes
larger burn areas on the skin
kidney disease
a rare condition known as diabetes insipidus - ✔✔Sodium Overload (Hypernatremia)
, ✔✔confusion
neuromuscular excitability
hyperreflexia
seizures
coma - ✔✔Common symptoms of high blood sodium (hypernatremia) include:
✔✔critical for the normal functioning of the muscles, heart, and nerves.
It plays an important role in controlling activity of smooth muscle (such as the muscle
found in the digestive tract) and skeletal muscle (muscles of the extremities and torso),
as well as the muscles of the heart. - ✔✔Potassium (K+)
✔✔Normal Range 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L - ✔✔Potassium (K+) normal range
✔✔fruits, such as apricots, bananas, kiwi, oranges, and pineapples
vegetables, such as leafy greens, carrots, and potatoes
lean meats
whole grains
beans and nuts - ✔✔Potassium-rich sources include:
✔✔major causes include:
kidney disease
overuse of diuretics
excess sweating, diarrhea, and vomiting
magnesium deficiency
use of antibiotics, such as penicillin - ✔✔Potassium Deficiency (Hypokalemia)
✔✔extreme fatigue
muscle spasms, weakness, or cramping
irregular heartbeat
constipation, nausea, or vomiting - ✔✔Signs of a potassium deficiency include:
✔✔Risk factors for overdose include:
taking too many potassium supplements
kidney disease
prolonged exercise
cocaine use
potassium-conserving diuretics
chemotherapy
diabetes
severe burns
The most obvious symptom of potassium excess is an abnormal heartbeat. Severe
cases can lead to death - ✔✔Potassium Overload (Hyperkalemia)
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔When a person does not have enough platelets
Symptoms include easy bruising, and frequent bleeding from the gums, nose, or GI
tract. Platelet counts drops when something is preventing the body from producing
platelets - ✔✔thrombocytopenia.
✔✔Medications
An inherited condition
Certain types of cancer, such as leukemia or lymphoma
Chemotherapy treatment for cancer
Kidney infection or dysfunction
Too much alcohol - ✔✔Causes of thrombocytopenia
✔✔helps the body keep fluids in a normal balance.
It plays a key role in normal nerve and muscle function. - ✔✔Sodium (Na)
✔✔Normal Range: 135 - 145 mEq/L - ✔✔sodium range
✔✔Losing sodium quickly is a medical emergency. It can cause loss of consciousness,
seizures, and coma. - ✔✔Sodium Deficiency (hyponatremia)
✔✔Weakness
fatigue or low energy
headache
nausea
vomiting
muscle cramps or spasms
confusion
irritability - ✔✔Common symptoms of low blood sodium (hyponatremia)
✔✔dehydration
severe, watery diarrhea
vomiting
fever
delirium or dementia
certain medications
poorly controlled diabetes
larger burn areas on the skin
kidney disease
a rare condition known as diabetes insipidus - ✔✔Sodium Overload (Hypernatremia)
, ✔✔confusion
neuromuscular excitability
hyperreflexia
seizures
coma - ✔✔Common symptoms of high blood sodium (hypernatremia) include:
✔✔critical for the normal functioning of the muscles, heart, and nerves.
It plays an important role in controlling activity of smooth muscle (such as the muscle
found in the digestive tract) and skeletal muscle (muscles of the extremities and torso),
as well as the muscles of the heart. - ✔✔Potassium (K+)
✔✔Normal Range 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L - ✔✔Potassium (K+) normal range
✔✔fruits, such as apricots, bananas, kiwi, oranges, and pineapples
vegetables, such as leafy greens, carrots, and potatoes
lean meats
whole grains
beans and nuts - ✔✔Potassium-rich sources include:
✔✔major causes include:
kidney disease
overuse of diuretics
excess sweating, diarrhea, and vomiting
magnesium deficiency
use of antibiotics, such as penicillin - ✔✔Potassium Deficiency (Hypokalemia)
✔✔extreme fatigue
muscle spasms, weakness, or cramping
irregular heartbeat
constipation, nausea, or vomiting - ✔✔Signs of a potassium deficiency include:
✔✔Risk factors for overdose include:
taking too many potassium supplements
kidney disease
prolonged exercise
cocaine use
potassium-conserving diuretics
chemotherapy
diabetes
severe burns
The most obvious symptom of potassium excess is an abnormal heartbeat. Severe
cases can lead to death - ✔✔Potassium Overload (Hyperkalemia)
