NRSG 2350 Exam 3 questions with accurate answers
(Prednisone) Glucocorticoids Ans✓✓✓ Glucocorticoids: Prednisone*
Cortisone Hydrocortisone (Cortef) Actions: Regulate glucose levels
Anti-inflammatory effects Block immune function for autoimmune
diseases Increase protein breakdown Side Effects: Salt Water/weight
Infection SUGAR Sex - gynecomastia, hirsutism Nursing
Considerations: Hold if patient has infection Caution: diabetes, stomach
ulcers Patient Teaching: Do not stop abruptly → leads to adrenal
insufficiency Avoid infections Monitor weights/blood glucose Take with
meals
acute Ans✓✓✓ SOB, increased RR, accessory muscles, lip pursing
Acute cystisis Ans✓✓✓ bladder infection, bacteria adhere to bladder
walls
hematuria (cloudy urine)
Acute kidney injury Ans✓✓✓ Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal
Failure)
Abrupt reduction in kidney function
Pre-Renal ○ Impaired blood flow
Acute Tubular Necrosis (Intrarenal) ○ Necrosis ○ Vascular disorders ○
Acute glomerulonephritis ○ Drugs (-mycins) Hypovolemia
Obstructive = Post-Renal, Rare, Obstruction must affect both kidneys
S&S
Low output
,Increased BUN, Creatinine
Underlying cause Treatment
Treat cause
Hydrate
Monitor electrolytes
Dialysis if needed (temp)
Addison's disease Ans✓✓✓ adrenal suppresion by exogenous steroid
use
autoimmune destruction, Primary insufficiency of adrenal cortex (no
hormones produced by adrenal gland)
Manifestations: Dehydration Weakness Fatigue Hypoglycemia
Orthostatic hypotension Treatment: Corticosteroid
replacement**Hydrocortisone**
Teaching: Lifelong therapy High carb & protein diet High sodium foods
Non-stressful environment S&S adrenal crisis Diagnostic Tests:
Adrenocortical hormone levels ACTH levels + stimulation test
Addisonian Crisis: Acute renal failure, sudden onset Caused by stopping
corticosteroids abruptly Coma, shock, seizures
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Ans✓✓✓ Hormone made in
hypothalamus, stored and released from pituitary gland, that controls
permeability of collecting duct in walls of kidneys
Albuterol Ans✓✓✓ beta adrenergic agonist; the generic form of the
brand-name drugs Proventil, ProAir, and Ventolin, which are used to
treat lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary
, disease (COPD). Albuterol can quickly relieve shortness of breath,
coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness
Antibiotics are Ans✓✓✓ Used to specifically treat UTIs ○ Gram
negative bacteria ● Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Furadantin) ○ Older
drug ○ Used for chronic UTIs ● Fosfomycin (Monurol) ○ *ONE TIME
DOSE* ● Some GI adverse effects ○ N/V/D/cramping ● Other
antibiotics not specific to UTIs
Antihistamines First Generation: Ans✓✓✓ Benadryl/Diphenhydramine
Second Generation: Loratadine/Claritin Indications: Seasonal allergic
rhinitis (hay fever) Allergic rxns Motion sickness Parkinson's Actions:
Open airways Antihistaminic Anticholinergic Sedative Antipruritic
Contraindications: Respiratory disease due to thickening of bronchial
secretions Nursing Considerations: Monitor for anticholinergic effects
1st Generation: central effect, greater sedative effects (drowsy) 2nd
generation: Non-drowsy, anti-allergic, greater anticholinergic effects
**Use 2nd generation for elders** (can cause paradoxical reactions in
children)
antithyroid agents Ans✓✓✓ Thioamides (Propylthiouracil &
Methimazole) Actions Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Popylthiouracil (PTU) Methimazole Block the formation of thyroid
hormones in the thyroid gland to lower serum levels of thyroid hormone
(PTU) Inhibit t4 to t3 conversion (T4 = Thyroxine hormone T3 =
Triiodothyronine hormone) (this is for methimazole) Hyperthyroidism -
Liver disease -Kids -pregnant/lactating -anti coag/beta blockers -liver
toxicity (PTU) -Oversuppression of thyroid which leads to lethargy,
bradycardia, NVD
(Prednisone) Glucocorticoids Ans✓✓✓ Glucocorticoids: Prednisone*
Cortisone Hydrocortisone (Cortef) Actions: Regulate glucose levels
Anti-inflammatory effects Block immune function for autoimmune
diseases Increase protein breakdown Side Effects: Salt Water/weight
Infection SUGAR Sex - gynecomastia, hirsutism Nursing
Considerations: Hold if patient has infection Caution: diabetes, stomach
ulcers Patient Teaching: Do not stop abruptly → leads to adrenal
insufficiency Avoid infections Monitor weights/blood glucose Take with
meals
acute Ans✓✓✓ SOB, increased RR, accessory muscles, lip pursing
Acute cystisis Ans✓✓✓ bladder infection, bacteria adhere to bladder
walls
hematuria (cloudy urine)
Acute kidney injury Ans✓✓✓ Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal
Failure)
Abrupt reduction in kidney function
Pre-Renal ○ Impaired blood flow
Acute Tubular Necrosis (Intrarenal) ○ Necrosis ○ Vascular disorders ○
Acute glomerulonephritis ○ Drugs (-mycins) Hypovolemia
Obstructive = Post-Renal, Rare, Obstruction must affect both kidneys
S&S
Low output
,Increased BUN, Creatinine
Underlying cause Treatment
Treat cause
Hydrate
Monitor electrolytes
Dialysis if needed (temp)
Addison's disease Ans✓✓✓ adrenal suppresion by exogenous steroid
use
autoimmune destruction, Primary insufficiency of adrenal cortex (no
hormones produced by adrenal gland)
Manifestations: Dehydration Weakness Fatigue Hypoglycemia
Orthostatic hypotension Treatment: Corticosteroid
replacement**Hydrocortisone**
Teaching: Lifelong therapy High carb & protein diet High sodium foods
Non-stressful environment S&S adrenal crisis Diagnostic Tests:
Adrenocortical hormone levels ACTH levels + stimulation test
Addisonian Crisis: Acute renal failure, sudden onset Caused by stopping
corticosteroids abruptly Coma, shock, seizures
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Ans✓✓✓ Hormone made in
hypothalamus, stored and released from pituitary gland, that controls
permeability of collecting duct in walls of kidneys
Albuterol Ans✓✓✓ beta adrenergic agonist; the generic form of the
brand-name drugs Proventil, ProAir, and Ventolin, which are used to
treat lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary
, disease (COPD). Albuterol can quickly relieve shortness of breath,
coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness
Antibiotics are Ans✓✓✓ Used to specifically treat UTIs ○ Gram
negative bacteria ● Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Furadantin) ○ Older
drug ○ Used for chronic UTIs ● Fosfomycin (Monurol) ○ *ONE TIME
DOSE* ● Some GI adverse effects ○ N/V/D/cramping ● Other
antibiotics not specific to UTIs
Antihistamines First Generation: Ans✓✓✓ Benadryl/Diphenhydramine
Second Generation: Loratadine/Claritin Indications: Seasonal allergic
rhinitis (hay fever) Allergic rxns Motion sickness Parkinson's Actions:
Open airways Antihistaminic Anticholinergic Sedative Antipruritic
Contraindications: Respiratory disease due to thickening of bronchial
secretions Nursing Considerations: Monitor for anticholinergic effects
1st Generation: central effect, greater sedative effects (drowsy) 2nd
generation: Non-drowsy, anti-allergic, greater anticholinergic effects
**Use 2nd generation for elders** (can cause paradoxical reactions in
children)
antithyroid agents Ans✓✓✓ Thioamides (Propylthiouracil &
Methimazole) Actions Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Popylthiouracil (PTU) Methimazole Block the formation of thyroid
hormones in the thyroid gland to lower serum levels of thyroid hormone
(PTU) Inhibit t4 to t3 conversion (T4 = Thyroxine hormone T3 =
Triiodothyronine hormone) (this is for methimazole) Hyperthyroidism -
Liver disease -Kids -pregnant/lactating -anti coag/beta blockers -liver
toxicity (PTU) -Oversuppression of thyroid which leads to lethargy,
bradycardia, NVD
