ASLP 3030 Exam 1 Structure and
Function
outer and middle ear - ANS-What makes up the conductive mechanism
inner ear - ANS-What makes up the sensory mechanism
central auditory nervous system (CANS) - ANS-what. makes up the central mechanism
conductive, sensory - ANS-The peripheral system includes __________ and ___________
mechanisms
Petrous portion of the temporal bone - ANS-What houses the end-organs of hearing
pinna - ANS-outermost portion of the auditory system
pinna - ANS-collects, localizes, and amplifies sound
External Auditory meatus (outer ear canal) - ANS-A canal in the temporal bone that leads from
the auricle to the tympanic membrane
outer ear canal - ANS-directs/transports sound, protects the ear, amplifies sound
S shape and production of earwax - ANS-what factors contribute to the outer ear canal's
function of protecting the ear?
tympanic membrane (eardrum) - ANS-Elastic structure that separates the outer ear from the
middle ear cavity
tympanic membrane - ANS-transmits and converts sound waves, amplifies sound, protection,
pressure regulation
tympanic membrane - ANS-parts include:
-pars tensa
-pars flaccida
-cone of light
-umbo
ossicles - ANS-Threes small bones (malleus, incus, stapes) that cross the middle ear cavity and
transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
Ossicles - ANS-transform and amplify sound
, Tensor tympani muscle - ANS-Attached to malleus and innervated bya branch of the CN V
Stapedius muscle - ANS-Attached to posterior portion of middle ear space and stapes and
innervated by CN VII
Acoustic Reflex - ANS-the contraction of the stapedius muscle within the middle ear in response
to a loud sound
middle ear muscles - ANS-dampens loud sounds and reduces low-frequency noise (high pass
filtering
Eustachian tube - ANS-The tube connecting the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx
Eustachian tube - ANS-equalize air pressure on the lateral and medial sides of the tympanic
membrane, drain middle ear secretions, provide air supply for the middle ear's tissues
Conductive mechanism - ANS-function: conduct sound energy throughthe auditory system
Outer ear - ANS-Function: protection, localization, funnel sound, amplifies sound
middle ear - ANS-Function: transforms acoustic signals to mechanical vibrations, regulates
middle ear pressure, amplifies sounds, filtering, protection
stapes, perilymph - ANS-The footplate of the _______ rests on the oval window, which then
contacts a very dense fluid of the inner ear called ___________
Impedance - ANS-opposition to energy flow by a medium
high - ANS-Wate is a ________ impedance. medium
low - ANS-air is a ________ impedance. medium
high-impedance medium - ANS-When a sound reaches a ________________, little sound is
absorbed, with the majority of it is reflected away.
Condensation effect (area ratio)
leveler action of the malleus and incus
curved membrane buckling mechanism - ANS-How to overcome impedance mismatch
Condensation effect (area ratio) - ANS-Difference in area between the tympanic membraneand
the footplate of the stapes, causing an increase inpressure
increases - ANS-if pressure is reduced, pressure ________
Function
outer and middle ear - ANS-What makes up the conductive mechanism
inner ear - ANS-What makes up the sensory mechanism
central auditory nervous system (CANS) - ANS-what. makes up the central mechanism
conductive, sensory - ANS-The peripheral system includes __________ and ___________
mechanisms
Petrous portion of the temporal bone - ANS-What houses the end-organs of hearing
pinna - ANS-outermost portion of the auditory system
pinna - ANS-collects, localizes, and amplifies sound
External Auditory meatus (outer ear canal) - ANS-A canal in the temporal bone that leads from
the auricle to the tympanic membrane
outer ear canal - ANS-directs/transports sound, protects the ear, amplifies sound
S shape and production of earwax - ANS-what factors contribute to the outer ear canal's
function of protecting the ear?
tympanic membrane (eardrum) - ANS-Elastic structure that separates the outer ear from the
middle ear cavity
tympanic membrane - ANS-transmits and converts sound waves, amplifies sound, protection,
pressure regulation
tympanic membrane - ANS-parts include:
-pars tensa
-pars flaccida
-cone of light
-umbo
ossicles - ANS-Threes small bones (malleus, incus, stapes) that cross the middle ear cavity and
transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
Ossicles - ANS-transform and amplify sound
, Tensor tympani muscle - ANS-Attached to malleus and innervated bya branch of the CN V
Stapedius muscle - ANS-Attached to posterior portion of middle ear space and stapes and
innervated by CN VII
Acoustic Reflex - ANS-the contraction of the stapedius muscle within the middle ear in response
to a loud sound
middle ear muscles - ANS-dampens loud sounds and reduces low-frequency noise (high pass
filtering
Eustachian tube - ANS-The tube connecting the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx
Eustachian tube - ANS-equalize air pressure on the lateral and medial sides of the tympanic
membrane, drain middle ear secretions, provide air supply for the middle ear's tissues
Conductive mechanism - ANS-function: conduct sound energy throughthe auditory system
Outer ear - ANS-Function: protection, localization, funnel sound, amplifies sound
middle ear - ANS-Function: transforms acoustic signals to mechanical vibrations, regulates
middle ear pressure, amplifies sounds, filtering, protection
stapes, perilymph - ANS-The footplate of the _______ rests on the oval window, which then
contacts a very dense fluid of the inner ear called ___________
Impedance - ANS-opposition to energy flow by a medium
high - ANS-Wate is a ________ impedance. medium
low - ANS-air is a ________ impedance. medium
high-impedance medium - ANS-When a sound reaches a ________________, little sound is
absorbed, with the majority of it is reflected away.
Condensation effect (area ratio)
leveler action of the malleus and incus
curved membrane buckling mechanism - ANS-How to overcome impedance mismatch
Condensation effect (area ratio) - ANS-Difference in area between the tympanic membraneand
the footplate of the stapes, causing an increase inpressure
increases - ANS-if pressure is reduced, pressure ________
