ASLP 3030 Final UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is a complex waveform? - CORRECT ANSWER - a waveform that contains
multiple frequencies ex: our voices
How do speakers increase their perceived loudness? - CORRECT ANSWER - by
increasing subglottal pressure
having larger articulators movements with higher oral pressure
Having larger vocal folds
*excursions and more forceful vocal fold collisions
What is the main thing that distinguishes a digital signal from an analog signal? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Digital signals are discrete snapshots over time
Analog are infinite graph : continues in time and continues amplitude, no gaps
what is sampling rate - CORRECT ANSWER - the number of samples , snapshots, taken
per second represents an amplitude
What is quantization? - CORRECT ANSWER - the assignment of a digital value to
describe the amplitude of a waveform
refers to this process of *converting* a voltage, which is analog, into a number, which is if
course, digital. And the quantization accuracy has to do with the number of bits of resolution that
you have. for the sine wave, any voltage value is possible within its range. The voltage goes up
and down on the y-axis.More steps available, each one can cover a slightly smaller voltage
range.
What is a spectrum and how is it different from a spectrogram? - CORRECT ANSWER -
spectrum contains all frequencies presented in a waveform (amplitude (vertical axis) vs
frequency (horizontal axis)
, Spectrogram: shows all 3 The X axis in this case goes from left to right showing* time*. The Y
axis goes from low frequency at the bottom to high *frequency* at the top. And whether the
trace is lighter or darker represents the intensity of the signal or the amount of *amplitude* that
is present with darker representing stronger.
What is Fourier analysis/Fourier transform? - CORRECT ANSWER - analysis :all
periodic sounds are made of a combination of sine waves varying in amplitude phases and
frequencies.
transform:creates a spectrum from the time domain waveform(analyze a cake to know its
ingredients)
What does the spectrum of a person's voice look like? - CORRECT ANSWER - it will
contain a peak of F0 equal spaced peak
What are jitter and shimmer? - CORRECT ANSWER - random cycle-to-cycle duration
differences are called jitter
random cycle-to-cycle amplitude differences are called shimmer
JITTER=DURATION
SHIMMER=AMPLITUDE
Why is it challenging to see the movement of the vocal folds using standard video/filming
techniques? - CORRECT ANSWER - we cannot see them because Vocal folds are too fast
100 p/s and we need to double frames per second 200 frames p/s
What is the technique involving strobe lights that you can use to see the movements in slow-
motion? How does that work? - CORRECT ANSWER - Stroboscopy/strobe lights is
simulated by having sequential images taken successively later across several vibratory cycles
that makes it look slow motion putting them all together like a flip book (bad when voice
disorders,pitch change)
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is a complex waveform? - CORRECT ANSWER - a waveform that contains
multiple frequencies ex: our voices
How do speakers increase their perceived loudness? - CORRECT ANSWER - by
increasing subglottal pressure
having larger articulators movements with higher oral pressure
Having larger vocal folds
*excursions and more forceful vocal fold collisions
What is the main thing that distinguishes a digital signal from an analog signal? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Digital signals are discrete snapshots over time
Analog are infinite graph : continues in time and continues amplitude, no gaps
what is sampling rate - CORRECT ANSWER - the number of samples , snapshots, taken
per second represents an amplitude
What is quantization? - CORRECT ANSWER - the assignment of a digital value to
describe the amplitude of a waveform
refers to this process of *converting* a voltage, which is analog, into a number, which is if
course, digital. And the quantization accuracy has to do with the number of bits of resolution that
you have. for the sine wave, any voltage value is possible within its range. The voltage goes up
and down on the y-axis.More steps available, each one can cover a slightly smaller voltage
range.
What is a spectrum and how is it different from a spectrogram? - CORRECT ANSWER -
spectrum contains all frequencies presented in a waveform (amplitude (vertical axis) vs
frequency (horizontal axis)
, Spectrogram: shows all 3 The X axis in this case goes from left to right showing* time*. The Y
axis goes from low frequency at the bottom to high *frequency* at the top. And whether the
trace is lighter or darker represents the intensity of the signal or the amount of *amplitude* that
is present with darker representing stronger.
What is Fourier analysis/Fourier transform? - CORRECT ANSWER - analysis :all
periodic sounds are made of a combination of sine waves varying in amplitude phases and
frequencies.
transform:creates a spectrum from the time domain waveform(analyze a cake to know its
ingredients)
What does the spectrum of a person's voice look like? - CORRECT ANSWER - it will
contain a peak of F0 equal spaced peak
What are jitter and shimmer? - CORRECT ANSWER - random cycle-to-cycle duration
differences are called jitter
random cycle-to-cycle amplitude differences are called shimmer
JITTER=DURATION
SHIMMER=AMPLITUDE
Why is it challenging to see the movement of the vocal folds using standard video/filming
techniques? - CORRECT ANSWER - we cannot see them because Vocal folds are too fast
100 p/s and we need to double frames per second 200 frames p/s
What is the technique involving strobe lights that you can use to see the movements in slow-
motion? How does that work? - CORRECT ANSWER - Stroboscopy/strobe lights is
simulated by having sequential images taken successively later across several vibratory cycles
that makes it look slow motion putting them all together like a flip book (bad when voice
disorders,pitch change)
