PSYC 2101 Chapter 3 questions well
answered to pass
Observational Measures - correct answer ✔✔involve the direct observation of behavior; can be
used to measure anything a participant does that researchers can observe
Physiological Measures - correct answer ✔✔behavioral researchers who are interested in the
relationship between bodily processes and behavior use this; internal processes that are not
directly observable can be measured with sophisticated equipment
Self-report Measures - correct answer ✔✔involve the replies people give to questionnaires and
interviews; provide info about the respondent's thoughts, feelings or behavior
Cognitive Self-Reports - correct answer ✔✔measure what people think about something
Affective Self-Reports - correct answer ✔✔involve participants' responses regarding how they
feel
Behavioral Self-Reports - correct answer ✔✔involve participants' reports of how they act
Psychometrics - correct answer ✔✔entire specialty devoted to the study of psychological
measurement because measurement is so important to the research process
Converging Operations (or triangulation) - correct answer ✔✔by using several types of
measures - each coming at the construct from a different angle - researchers can more
accurately assess the variable of interest
, Scales of Measurement - correct answer ✔✔4 different levels; differ in the degree to which the
numbers being used to represent participants' responses correspond to the real number
system;
the goal of measurement is to assign numbers to participants' responses so that they can be
summarized and analyzed
Nominal Scale - correct answer ✔✔simplest type of scale; the numbers that are assigned to
participants' behaviors or characteristics are essentially labels;
numbers on this scale indicate attributes of our participants but they are labels, descriptions, or
names rather than real numbers
Ordinal Scale - correct answer ✔✔involves the rank ordering a set of behaviors or
characteristics;
tell us the relative order of our participants on a particular dimension but do not indicate the
distance between participants on the dimension being measured
Interval Scale - correct answer ✔✔equal differences between the numbers reflect equal
differences between participants in the characteristic being measured;
does not have a true zero point that indicates the absence of the quality being measured;
the numbers cannot be multiplied or divided
Ratio scale - correct answer ✔✔highest level of measurement; has a true zero point and
therefore involves real numbers that can be added, subtracted, multiplied and divided;
researchers prefer to use the highest level of measurement because it will provide the most
pertinent and precise information about participants' responses or characteristics
Reliability - correct answer ✔✔refers to the consistency or dependability of a measuring
technique
A Participant's Score on any Measure - correct answer ✔✔consists of two components:
answered to pass
Observational Measures - correct answer ✔✔involve the direct observation of behavior; can be
used to measure anything a participant does that researchers can observe
Physiological Measures - correct answer ✔✔behavioral researchers who are interested in the
relationship between bodily processes and behavior use this; internal processes that are not
directly observable can be measured with sophisticated equipment
Self-report Measures - correct answer ✔✔involve the replies people give to questionnaires and
interviews; provide info about the respondent's thoughts, feelings or behavior
Cognitive Self-Reports - correct answer ✔✔measure what people think about something
Affective Self-Reports - correct answer ✔✔involve participants' responses regarding how they
feel
Behavioral Self-Reports - correct answer ✔✔involve participants' reports of how they act
Psychometrics - correct answer ✔✔entire specialty devoted to the study of psychological
measurement because measurement is so important to the research process
Converging Operations (or triangulation) - correct answer ✔✔by using several types of
measures - each coming at the construct from a different angle - researchers can more
accurately assess the variable of interest
, Scales of Measurement - correct answer ✔✔4 different levels; differ in the degree to which the
numbers being used to represent participants' responses correspond to the real number
system;
the goal of measurement is to assign numbers to participants' responses so that they can be
summarized and analyzed
Nominal Scale - correct answer ✔✔simplest type of scale; the numbers that are assigned to
participants' behaviors or characteristics are essentially labels;
numbers on this scale indicate attributes of our participants but they are labels, descriptions, or
names rather than real numbers
Ordinal Scale - correct answer ✔✔involves the rank ordering a set of behaviors or
characteristics;
tell us the relative order of our participants on a particular dimension but do not indicate the
distance between participants on the dimension being measured
Interval Scale - correct answer ✔✔equal differences between the numbers reflect equal
differences between participants in the characteristic being measured;
does not have a true zero point that indicates the absence of the quality being measured;
the numbers cannot be multiplied or divided
Ratio scale - correct answer ✔✔highest level of measurement; has a true zero point and
therefore involves real numbers that can be added, subtracted, multiplied and divided;
researchers prefer to use the highest level of measurement because it will provide the most
pertinent and precise information about participants' responses or characteristics
Reliability - correct answer ✔✔refers to the consistency or dependability of a measuring
technique
A Participant's Score on any Measure - correct answer ✔✔consists of two components:
