PSYC 2101 Exam 2 Questions well
answered to pass
Variables or subject characteristics that bias the results of research are called
_______________. - correct answer ✔✔confounds
The R in a diagram of a research design stands for _________ assignment.
R X1 O
---------------
R X2 O - correct answer ✔✔random
Studies that use multiple treatments/interventions may have limited generalizability because
the early treatments may have a cumulative effect on the subjects' performance. If a group
experienced treatment X1, and the first treatment was followed by a second (X2), their
measured performance after X2 will be affected by both treatments not just X2's because the
effects of X1 are not erasable. The technique used to control for order effects involves
_______________ the order of treatments. - correct answer ✔✔counterbalancing
If one comparison group (either the experimental group or the control group) has a higher drop
out rate than the other group (or groups) then experimental _____________ is a threat to
internal validity. - correct answer ✔✔mortality
An experiment which eliminates other explanations for the observed relationship between an
independent variable and a dependent variable is said to have __________ validity. - correct
answer ✔✔internal
, Random assignment is designed to eliminate ____________ as a threat to internal validity (that
is to eliminate differences between groups at the start of a study). - correct answer
✔✔selection
The purpose of research design is to establish a set of conditions under which we can _____
cause and effect. - correct answer ✔✔infer
The variable manipulated by the researcher is called the ____________ variable. - correct
answer ✔✔independent
The extent to which a study's results (regardless of whether the study is descriptive or
experimental) can be generalized/applied to other people or settings reflects its _________
validity. - correct answer ✔✔external
The independent variable (IV) can only be thought of as causing the dependent variable (DV)
when you have eliminate threats to internal validity. Otherwise, you can only say that the two
variables are ___________. - correct answer ✔✔related
An estimator with an expected value (average) that is equal to the parameter to be estimated is
called _______________ estimator. - correct answer ✔✔an unbiased
a statistic that is relatively unaffected by extreme scores (outliers) is: - correct answer
✔✔resistant
one sample t-test - correct answer ✔✔a single sample is used to estimate a population
parameter or to compare a sample to a known population parameter
equation for t for a one sample t-test - correct answer ✔✔t=(X ̅−μ_θ)/S_X ̅
degrees of frequency for a one sample t-test - correct answer ✔✔n-1
answered to pass
Variables or subject characteristics that bias the results of research are called
_______________. - correct answer ✔✔confounds
The R in a diagram of a research design stands for _________ assignment.
R X1 O
---------------
R X2 O - correct answer ✔✔random
Studies that use multiple treatments/interventions may have limited generalizability because
the early treatments may have a cumulative effect on the subjects' performance. If a group
experienced treatment X1, and the first treatment was followed by a second (X2), their
measured performance after X2 will be affected by both treatments not just X2's because the
effects of X1 are not erasable. The technique used to control for order effects involves
_______________ the order of treatments. - correct answer ✔✔counterbalancing
If one comparison group (either the experimental group or the control group) has a higher drop
out rate than the other group (or groups) then experimental _____________ is a threat to
internal validity. - correct answer ✔✔mortality
An experiment which eliminates other explanations for the observed relationship between an
independent variable and a dependent variable is said to have __________ validity. - correct
answer ✔✔internal
, Random assignment is designed to eliminate ____________ as a threat to internal validity (that
is to eliminate differences between groups at the start of a study). - correct answer
✔✔selection
The purpose of research design is to establish a set of conditions under which we can _____
cause and effect. - correct answer ✔✔infer
The variable manipulated by the researcher is called the ____________ variable. - correct
answer ✔✔independent
The extent to which a study's results (regardless of whether the study is descriptive or
experimental) can be generalized/applied to other people or settings reflects its _________
validity. - correct answer ✔✔external
The independent variable (IV) can only be thought of as causing the dependent variable (DV)
when you have eliminate threats to internal validity. Otherwise, you can only say that the two
variables are ___________. - correct answer ✔✔related
An estimator with an expected value (average) that is equal to the parameter to be estimated is
called _______________ estimator. - correct answer ✔✔an unbiased
a statistic that is relatively unaffected by extreme scores (outliers) is: - correct answer
✔✔resistant
one sample t-test - correct answer ✔✔a single sample is used to estimate a population
parameter or to compare a sample to a known population parameter
equation for t for a one sample t-test - correct answer ✔✔t=(X ̅−μ_θ)/S_X ̅
degrees of frequency for a one sample t-test - correct answer ✔✔n-1
