FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM
QUESTIONS 2025-2026 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Whatsaresthesanatomicalsstructuressofsthesurinaryssystemsinsordersofsurinesflow?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERS(2)sKidneys,s(2)sureters,s(1)sbladder,s(1)surethra.
Whichsofsthesfunctionssofshealthyskidneyssaresreplacedsbysdialysis?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSRemovalsofswastesproducts,sandsRegulationsofsfluidsbalance
Whatsissthesfunctionsofsrenin?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSReninsissashormonesproducedsbystheskidneysswith simportantseffect
ssonsthesregulationsofsbloodspressure,sandsonssodiumsandspotassiumsbalance
Erythropoietins-
sCORRECTsANSWERSstimulatessthesbonesmarrowstosproducesredsbloodscellss(RBSc).
WhysmuststheskidneysactivatesVitaminsD?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSThe skidneysconvertssVitaminsDsto sCalcitriol,sitssactivatedsform.sThi
ssactivatedsformsofsVitaminsDshelpsstosmaintainsgoodsboneshealthsbyshelpingsabsorbscalciu
msfromsfoodsseaten
Whatscausessrenalsosteodystrophys(bonesdisease)?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSNoslongersproducescalcitriols-
sthesactive sformsofsVitaminsDsosInadequatesorslackingscalcitriolscausessdemineralizationsofst
hesbones-
sbonesbeginsstosbreaksdownsto sreleasesthescalciumsneededsforsbodysfunctioningsNoslongers
excretesexcesssphosphoruss(PO4)sosPhosphorussissfoundsinsmostsfoodssandsbeveragessosI
ncreasedsPO4slevelsscausesfurtherscalciumsbonesloss
Whatsaresthesbodysfluidscompartments?s-sCORRECTsANSWERSIntracellular-
insidesthescellss•sExtracellular-outsidesthescellss•sIntravascular-
insidesthesbloodsvesselss•sInterstitial-betweensthescells
Whatsisshomeostasis?s-sCORRECTsANSWERSMaintainingsasstablesinternalsenvironment
uremias-sCORRECTsANSWERSbuildsupsofswaste
Whatsissassemi-permeablesmembrane?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSAsmembranesmadesfromsprotein,swithssmallsporessorsholes.sOnlysc
ertainsmoleculesscansfitsthrough.
Atswhatspointsduringstheshemodialysisstreatmentswillsdiffusionsceasestosoccur?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSDiffusion swillscontinuesthroughoutsthesdialysisstreatmentsuntilsthesc
oncentrationsofseachselectrolytesfoundsinsthespatient'ssbloodsissequalstostheselectrolytesconc
entrationsinsthesdialysate.
Whatsisscountercurrentsflow?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSBloodsandsdialysatesflowsinsoppositesdirections
Whatshappensstosdiffusionswhensdialyzersfiberssclot?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSClotted sfibersscausesthespermeabilitysofsthesfiberstosbesreducedsors
eliminated,scausingsasdecreasesinstreatmentsadequacy.sAssasresults,sdiffusionsdoessnotsocc
ursassparticlesscannotsdiffusesacrosssthesmembrane.
, Whatsaresthescompartmentssofsthesdialyzersandswhatsseparatessthem?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSThe sbloodscompartmentsissseparatedsfromsthesdialysatescompart
mentsbysassemi-permeablesmembrane.sThesbloodsandsdialysatesdosnotsmixstogether.
Whatsaresthreestypessofssolutions?s-sCORRECTsANSWERS•sHypotonic-
containingslesssparticless•sIsotonic-containingsequalsparticless•sHypertonic-
containingsmoresparticles
Whensissitsknownsthatsaspatientshassdevelopedssensitivitystosasdialyzer?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSPatientssdevelopsmildstosseveresreactionssinssomescases,susuallys
seensthesfirstshalfshoursofstreatment.sSneezing,sitching,spainsatsthesaccessssite,schestspain,s
rashing,shives,sfever,sallsmaysbessymptomssofsdialyzersmembranesallergy,sorsallergystosthes
sterilantsusedsinsthesmanufacturingsprocess
Whatsvolumesshouldsbesusedsforsfreshsfill/runsoff?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERS50smlsofssalinesshouldsbesdrainedsfromsthesarterialslinesands250smls
shouldsbesdrainedsfromsthesvenoussline
Whensdialyzingsaspatient,swhatspositionsshouldsthesdialyzersbesinsduringshemodialysis?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSPlace sthesdialyzersarterialsendsupsduringsthestreatment.
Whatsshouldsbescheckedsonsasdialyzersbeforesmachinessetsup?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSThe sdialyzersshouldsbescheckedsforssterilitys(thesdialyzersshouldseit
hersbesintactsinsthesoriginalspackagingsorsifsoutsofsthespackagesshouldshavesallsopensportssc
apped),sanysstructuralsdamagesandsbesthessizesandsbrandsthatswassorderedsbysthesdoctor.
Whatsareselectrolytes?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSElectrolytessareschargedsparticlessthatscansconductsanselectricalsc
urrent.sElectrolytessinsthesbodyscontrolsmotor,smusclesandsnervesfunction,sandsmaintainsthe
sbody'sshomeostasis.
Thesmostsimportantselectrolytesstosconsidersinsuremicspatientssare:s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSSodium s(Na+)sPotassium s(K+)sCalciums(Ca++)sMagnesium s(Mg+
+)
Fluidsremovedsduringshemodialysisscomessfromswhichsbodysfluidscompartment?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSDuringsdialysissfluidsissremovedsfromsthesintravascularsfluidscompa
rtmentsorsbloodstream.
Whatsissdialysate?s-sCORRECTsANSWERSDialysatesissasnon-
sterilessolutionsandsitssfunctionsisstosremoveswastesproductssfromsthesbloodsandsbalancesel
ectrolytes
Dialysatesisscomposedsofs-
sCORRECTsANSWERStreatedswater,sacidssolution,sandsbicarbonatessolution
Whatselectrolytessaresfoundsinsthesdialysate?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSsodium s(Na+)spotassium s(K+)scalciums(Ca++)smagnesium s(Mg++)
schlorides(Cl-)
Whatsissconductivity?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSConductivitysissthesabilitysofsassolutionstostransmitsors"conduct"sans
electricalscurrent
Namesfourswayssdialysatesisscheckedstosensuresthatsitsisssafe?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSpH,sconductivity,smonitoringsthesmachinestemperature,sandsasneg
ativesresidualschlorines(bleach)saftersroutines(weekly)smachinesdisinfectionsandsbeforesthesf
irststreatmentsaftersthesdisinfection
QUESTIONS 2025-2026 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Whatsaresthesanatomicalsstructuressofsthesurinaryssystemsinsordersofsurinesflow?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERS(2)sKidneys,s(2)sureters,s(1)sbladder,s(1)surethra.
Whichsofsthesfunctionssofshealthyskidneyssaresreplacedsbysdialysis?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSRemovalsofswastesproducts,sandsRegulationsofsfluidsbalance
Whatsissthesfunctionsofsrenin?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSReninsissashormonesproducedsbystheskidneysswith simportantseffect
ssonsthesregulationsofsbloodspressure,sandsonssodiumsandspotassiumsbalance
Erythropoietins-
sCORRECTsANSWERSstimulatessthesbonesmarrowstosproducesredsbloodscellss(RBSc).
WhysmuststheskidneysactivatesVitaminsD?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSThe skidneysconvertssVitaminsDsto sCalcitriol,sitssactivatedsform.sThi
ssactivatedsformsofsVitaminsDshelpsstosmaintainsgoodsboneshealthsbyshelpingsabsorbscalciu
msfromsfoodsseaten
Whatscausessrenalsosteodystrophys(bonesdisease)?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSNoslongersproducescalcitriols-
sthesactive sformsofsVitaminsDsosInadequatesorslackingscalcitriolscausessdemineralizationsofst
hesbones-
sbonesbeginsstosbreaksdownsto sreleasesthescalciumsneededsforsbodysfunctioningsNoslongers
excretesexcesssphosphoruss(PO4)sosPhosphorussissfoundsinsmostsfoodssandsbeveragessosI
ncreasedsPO4slevelsscausesfurtherscalciumsbonesloss
Whatsaresthesbodysfluidscompartments?s-sCORRECTsANSWERSIntracellular-
insidesthescellss•sExtracellular-outsidesthescellss•sIntravascular-
insidesthesbloodsvesselss•sInterstitial-betweensthescells
Whatsisshomeostasis?s-sCORRECTsANSWERSMaintainingsasstablesinternalsenvironment
uremias-sCORRECTsANSWERSbuildsupsofswaste
Whatsissassemi-permeablesmembrane?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSAsmembranesmadesfromsprotein,swithssmallsporessorsholes.sOnlysc
ertainsmoleculesscansfitsthrough.
Atswhatspointsduringstheshemodialysisstreatmentswillsdiffusionsceasestosoccur?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSDiffusion swillscontinuesthroughoutsthesdialysisstreatmentsuntilsthesc
oncentrationsofseachselectrolytesfoundsinsthespatient'ssbloodsissequalstostheselectrolytesconc
entrationsinsthesdialysate.
Whatsisscountercurrentsflow?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSBloodsandsdialysatesflowsinsoppositesdirections
Whatshappensstosdiffusionswhensdialyzersfiberssclot?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSClotted sfibersscausesthespermeabilitysofsthesfiberstosbesreducedsors
eliminated,scausingsasdecreasesinstreatmentsadequacy.sAssasresults,sdiffusionsdoessnotsocc
ursassparticlesscannotsdiffusesacrosssthesmembrane.
, Whatsaresthescompartmentssofsthesdialyzersandswhatsseparatessthem?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSThe sbloodscompartmentsissseparatedsfromsthesdialysatescompart
mentsbysassemi-permeablesmembrane.sThesbloodsandsdialysatesdosnotsmixstogether.
Whatsaresthreestypessofssolutions?s-sCORRECTsANSWERS•sHypotonic-
containingslesssparticless•sIsotonic-containingsequalsparticless•sHypertonic-
containingsmoresparticles
Whensissitsknownsthatsaspatientshassdevelopedssensitivitystosasdialyzer?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSPatientssdevelopsmildstosseveresreactionssinssomescases,susuallys
seensthesfirstshalfshoursofstreatment.sSneezing,sitching,spainsatsthesaccessssite,schestspain,s
rashing,shives,sfever,sallsmaysbessymptomssofsdialyzersmembranesallergy,sorsallergystosthes
sterilantsusedsinsthesmanufacturingsprocess
Whatsvolumesshouldsbesusedsforsfreshsfill/runsoff?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERS50smlsofssalinesshouldsbesdrainedsfromsthesarterialslinesands250smls
shouldsbesdrainedsfromsthesvenoussline
Whensdialyzingsaspatient,swhatspositionsshouldsthesdialyzersbesinsduringshemodialysis?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSPlace sthesdialyzersarterialsendsupsduringsthestreatment.
Whatsshouldsbescheckedsonsasdialyzersbeforesmachinessetsup?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSThe sdialyzersshouldsbescheckedsforssterilitys(thesdialyzersshouldseit
hersbesintactsinsthesoriginalspackagingsorsifsoutsofsthespackagesshouldshavesallsopensportssc
apped),sanysstructuralsdamagesandsbesthessizesandsbrandsthatswassorderedsbysthesdoctor.
Whatsareselectrolytes?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSElectrolytessareschargedsparticlessthatscansconductsanselectricalsc
urrent.sElectrolytessinsthesbodyscontrolsmotor,smusclesandsnervesfunction,sandsmaintainsthe
sbody'sshomeostasis.
Thesmostsimportantselectrolytesstosconsidersinsuremicspatientssare:s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSSodium s(Na+)sPotassium s(K+)sCalciums(Ca++)sMagnesium s(Mg+
+)
Fluidsremovedsduringshemodialysisscomessfromswhichsbodysfluidscompartment?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSDuringsdialysissfluidsissremovedsfromsthesintravascularsfluidscompa
rtmentsorsbloodstream.
Whatsissdialysate?s-sCORRECTsANSWERSDialysatesissasnon-
sterilessolutionsandsitssfunctionsisstosremoveswastesproductssfromsthesbloodsandsbalancesel
ectrolytes
Dialysatesisscomposedsofs-
sCORRECTsANSWERStreatedswater,sacidssolution,sandsbicarbonatessolution
Whatselectrolytessaresfoundsinsthesdialysate?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSsodium s(Na+)spotassium s(K+)scalciums(Ca++)smagnesium s(Mg++)
schlorides(Cl-)
Whatsissconductivity?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSConductivitysissthesabilitysofsassolutionstostransmitsors"conduct"sans
electricalscurrent
Namesfourswayssdialysatesisscheckedstosensuresthatsitsisssafe?s-
sCORRECTsANSWERSpH,sconductivity,smonitoringsthesmachinestemperature,sandsasneg
ativesresidualschlorines(bleach)saftersroutines(weekly)smachinesdisinfectionsandsbeforesthesf
irststreatmentsaftersthesdisinfection
