NSGD 2216 CRITICAL INQUIRY MODULES 1-5 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Nursing Research
The systematic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy evidence about issues
of importance to nurses and their clients.
Clinical nursing research
Research designed to guide nursing practice
Evidence-based practice (EBP)
The use of the best evidence in making patient care decisions.
Where does EBP come from?
Research conducted by nurses and other health care professionals.
Best Practice Spotlight Organizations (BPSOs)
Program developed by Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) to
recognize health care organizations that make a commitment to EBP.
Consumers of nursing research
Nurses who read research reports to keep up-to-date on findings that affect their
practice.
Produces of nursing research
Nurses who actively design and undertake studies.
Research-related activities in which nurse can participate:
1. Identify an idea for an clinical inquiry
2. Assist in collecting research information
3. Offer advice to clients about participating in a study
4. Search for research evidence
,5. Discuss the implications of a study in a journal club in your practice setting,
which involves meetings to discuss research articles.
Nursing research began with:
Florence Nighingale
Future directions for nursing research:
1. Continued focus on EBP
2. Stronger evidence through confirmatory strategies
3. Continued emphasis on systematic reviews (cornerstone of EBP)
4. Expanded local research in health care settings
5. Expanded dissemination of research findings
6. Increased focus on diversity issues and health disparities
7. Clinical significance and patient-oriented research
8. Interprofessional collaboration and health research
Paradigm
A worldview, a general perspective to explain the world's complexities
A way of looking at natural phenomena that encompasses a set of philosophical
assumptions and that guides one's approach to inquiry
Positivist Paradigm: Assumption
Reality exists; there is a real world driven by real, natural causes
Positive Paradigm: Relationship between researcher and those being researched.
The researcher is independent from those being researched.
Positive Paradigm: Role of values in the inquiry
Values and biases are to be held in check; objectivity is sought
Positive Paradigm: Best methods for obtaining evidence
*Deductive processes - hypotheses testing
*Emphasis on discrete, specific concepts
*Focus on the objective and quantifiable
*Corroboration of researchers' predictions
,*Fixed, pre-specified design
*Controls over context
*Measured, quantitative information
*Statistical analysis
*Seek generalization
Constructivist Paradigm: Nature of reality
Reality is multiple and subjective, mentally constructed by individuals
Constructivist Paradigm: Relationship between researcher and those being
researched
The researcher interacts with those being researched; findings are the creation of
the interactive process
Constructivist Paradigm: Role of values in the inquiry
Subjectivity and values are inevitable and desirable
Constructivist Paradigm: Best methods for obtaining evidence
*Inductive process - hypothesis generation
*Emphasis on the whole
*Focus on the subjective and non-quantifiable
*Emerging insight grounded in participants' experiences
*Flexible, emergent design
*Context-bound, contextualized
*Narrative information
*Qualitative analysis
*Seeks in-depth understanding
Assumption
A principle that is believed to be true without solid proof
Assumption of determinism refers to:
, The positivists' belief that phenomena do not happen by chance, but they are
controlled and produced by ante cent causes
Cause-probing research
Research designed to illuminate the underlying causes of phenomena
Clinical significane
The practical importance of research results in terms of whether they have
genuine, palpable effects on the daily lives of patients or on the health care
decisions make on their behalf
Constructivist paradigm
An alternative paradigm to the positivist paradigm that hold that there are
multiple interpretations of reality and that the goal of research is to understand
how individuals construct reality withing their context; associated
with qualitative research; also called naturalistic paradigm
Empirical evidence
Evidence rooted in the objective reality and gathered using one's senses as the
basis for generating knowledge
Generalizability
The degree to which research methods justify the inference that the findings are
true for a broader group than study participants; in particular, the inference that
the findings can be generalized from the sample to the population
Journal club
A group that meets in clinical settings to discuss and critique research articles
appearing in journals
Positivist paradigm
The paradigm underlying the traditional scientific approach, which assumes that
there is an orderly reality that can be objectively studied; often associated with
quantitative research.
Qualitative Research
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Nursing Research
The systematic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy evidence about issues
of importance to nurses and their clients.
Clinical nursing research
Research designed to guide nursing practice
Evidence-based practice (EBP)
The use of the best evidence in making patient care decisions.
Where does EBP come from?
Research conducted by nurses and other health care professionals.
Best Practice Spotlight Organizations (BPSOs)
Program developed by Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) to
recognize health care organizations that make a commitment to EBP.
Consumers of nursing research
Nurses who read research reports to keep up-to-date on findings that affect their
practice.
Produces of nursing research
Nurses who actively design and undertake studies.
Research-related activities in which nurse can participate:
1. Identify an idea for an clinical inquiry
2. Assist in collecting research information
3. Offer advice to clients about participating in a study
4. Search for research evidence
,5. Discuss the implications of a study in a journal club in your practice setting,
which involves meetings to discuss research articles.
Nursing research began with:
Florence Nighingale
Future directions for nursing research:
1. Continued focus on EBP
2. Stronger evidence through confirmatory strategies
3. Continued emphasis on systematic reviews (cornerstone of EBP)
4. Expanded local research in health care settings
5. Expanded dissemination of research findings
6. Increased focus on diversity issues and health disparities
7. Clinical significance and patient-oriented research
8. Interprofessional collaboration and health research
Paradigm
A worldview, a general perspective to explain the world's complexities
A way of looking at natural phenomena that encompasses a set of philosophical
assumptions and that guides one's approach to inquiry
Positivist Paradigm: Assumption
Reality exists; there is a real world driven by real, natural causes
Positive Paradigm: Relationship between researcher and those being researched.
The researcher is independent from those being researched.
Positive Paradigm: Role of values in the inquiry
Values and biases are to be held in check; objectivity is sought
Positive Paradigm: Best methods for obtaining evidence
*Deductive processes - hypotheses testing
*Emphasis on discrete, specific concepts
*Focus on the objective and quantifiable
*Corroboration of researchers' predictions
,*Fixed, pre-specified design
*Controls over context
*Measured, quantitative information
*Statistical analysis
*Seek generalization
Constructivist Paradigm: Nature of reality
Reality is multiple and subjective, mentally constructed by individuals
Constructivist Paradigm: Relationship between researcher and those being
researched
The researcher interacts with those being researched; findings are the creation of
the interactive process
Constructivist Paradigm: Role of values in the inquiry
Subjectivity and values are inevitable and desirable
Constructivist Paradigm: Best methods for obtaining evidence
*Inductive process - hypothesis generation
*Emphasis on the whole
*Focus on the subjective and non-quantifiable
*Emerging insight grounded in participants' experiences
*Flexible, emergent design
*Context-bound, contextualized
*Narrative information
*Qualitative analysis
*Seeks in-depth understanding
Assumption
A principle that is believed to be true without solid proof
Assumption of determinism refers to:
, The positivists' belief that phenomena do not happen by chance, but they are
controlled and produced by ante cent causes
Cause-probing research
Research designed to illuminate the underlying causes of phenomena
Clinical significane
The practical importance of research results in terms of whether they have
genuine, palpable effects on the daily lives of patients or on the health care
decisions make on their behalf
Constructivist paradigm
An alternative paradigm to the positivist paradigm that hold that there are
multiple interpretations of reality and that the goal of research is to understand
how individuals construct reality withing their context; associated
with qualitative research; also called naturalistic paradigm
Empirical evidence
Evidence rooted in the objective reality and gathered using one's senses as the
basis for generating knowledge
Generalizability
The degree to which research methods justify the inference that the findings are
true for a broader group than study participants; in particular, the inference that
the findings can be generalized from the sample to the population
Journal club
A group that meets in clinical settings to discuss and critique research articles
appearing in journals
Positivist paradigm
The paradigm underlying the traditional scientific approach, which assumes that
there is an orderly reality that can be objectively studied; often associated with
quantitative research.
Qualitative Research
