ESTUDYR
NRNP 6675 FINAL EXAM SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
1. What is matter and in which states can it exist?
A. Anything that can be dissolved; solid, liquid, gas
B. Anything that produces energy; plasma only
C. Anything that occupies space, has volume and mass; solid, liquid, gas, plasma
D. Anything that moves; solid and liquid
Rationale: Matter is defined by occupying space and having mass; it exists in four classical states (solid,
liquid, gas, plasma).
2. Explain essential versus trace elements.
A. Essential are inorganic; trace are organic
B. Essential are required in large amounts; trace are required but only in small amounts
C. Essential are metals; trace are non-metals
D. There is no difference
Rationale: “Essential” elements (e.g. Ca, K) are needed in bulk; “trace” (e.g. Fe, Zn) in minute quantities.
3. What is an ionic bond?
A. Electrons shared equally between atoms
B. Attraction between oppositely charged ions
C. Weak attraction between hydrogen atoms
D. Covalent linkage of two non-metals
Rationale: Ionic bonds form when one atom donates and another accepts electrons, creating positive
and negative ions.
4. What is a covalent bond?
A. When atoms share electrons to form a molecule
B. When ions attract each other
C. Bond between hydrogen and oxygen only
D. Bond broken by heat
,ESTUDYR
Rationale: Covalent bonds involve sharing of electron pairs between atoms (e.g. H₂, O₂).
5. What is a hydrogen bond?
A. A strong covalent bond between hydrogens
B. A weak attraction between partially charged atoms (often involving H)
C. An ionic bond in water
D. A bond in hydrocarbons
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds are weaker than ionic/covalent bonds but crucial for water structure and
DNA base-pairing.
6. Which is true of cations and anions?
A. Both carry no charge
B. Cations are positive; anions are negative
C. Cations are negative; anions are positive
D. Neither appears in solutions
Rationale: Cations (like Na⁺) have lost electrons; anions (like Cl⁻) have gained electrons.
7. Which of the following is NOT an organic biomacromolecule?
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Ribosomes
D. Carbohydrates
Rationale: Ribosomes are cellular organelles (protein/RNA complexes), not biomacromolecules.
8. What are carbohydrates?
A. Fats used for long-term storage
B. Sugars of C, H, O; main fuel source
C. Amino acid polymers for structure
D. Nucleic acid components
Rationale: Carbohydrates (mono-, di-, polysaccharides) provide quick energy.
, ESTUDYR
9. Why are lipids unique among biomacromolecules?
A. They form rigid crystals
B. They are insoluble in water and built from smaller units
C. They always contain nitrogen
D. They are only synthesized by plants
Rationale: Lipids’ non-polar hydrocarbon chains repel water; they’re not true polymers.
10. Why are lipids insoluble in water?
A. They’re ionic
B. They consist of non-polar hydrocarbon chains
C. They’re too large
D. They contain sugar
Rationale: Non-polar molecules do not mix with polar water (like oil and water).
11. Describe the structure of a phospholipid.
A. Two hydrophilic heads
B. Single hydrocarbon chain only
C. Polar “head” (phosphate + N) + two non-polar fatty acid “tails”
D. A ring structure
Rationale: Amphipathic phospholipids form bilayers in membranes.
12. Which of these is NOT a function of proteins?
A. Enzymatic catalysis
B. Transport & channels
C. Structural support
D. Genetic information storage
Rationale: DNA/RNA store genetic info; proteins perform most cellular tasks.
13. How does protein shape determine function?
A. It doesn’t; function is random
B. The 3D conformation (key) fits specific targets (locks)
NRNP 6675 FINAL EXAM SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
1. What is matter and in which states can it exist?
A. Anything that can be dissolved; solid, liquid, gas
B. Anything that produces energy; plasma only
C. Anything that occupies space, has volume and mass; solid, liquid, gas, plasma
D. Anything that moves; solid and liquid
Rationale: Matter is defined by occupying space and having mass; it exists in four classical states (solid,
liquid, gas, plasma).
2. Explain essential versus trace elements.
A. Essential are inorganic; trace are organic
B. Essential are required in large amounts; trace are required but only in small amounts
C. Essential are metals; trace are non-metals
D. There is no difference
Rationale: “Essential” elements (e.g. Ca, K) are needed in bulk; “trace” (e.g. Fe, Zn) in minute quantities.
3. What is an ionic bond?
A. Electrons shared equally between atoms
B. Attraction between oppositely charged ions
C. Weak attraction between hydrogen atoms
D. Covalent linkage of two non-metals
Rationale: Ionic bonds form when one atom donates and another accepts electrons, creating positive
and negative ions.
4. What is a covalent bond?
A. When atoms share electrons to form a molecule
B. When ions attract each other
C. Bond between hydrogen and oxygen only
D. Bond broken by heat
,ESTUDYR
Rationale: Covalent bonds involve sharing of electron pairs between atoms (e.g. H₂, O₂).
5. What is a hydrogen bond?
A. A strong covalent bond between hydrogens
B. A weak attraction between partially charged atoms (often involving H)
C. An ionic bond in water
D. A bond in hydrocarbons
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds are weaker than ionic/covalent bonds but crucial for water structure and
DNA base-pairing.
6. Which is true of cations and anions?
A. Both carry no charge
B. Cations are positive; anions are negative
C. Cations are negative; anions are positive
D. Neither appears in solutions
Rationale: Cations (like Na⁺) have lost electrons; anions (like Cl⁻) have gained electrons.
7. Which of the following is NOT an organic biomacromolecule?
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Ribosomes
D. Carbohydrates
Rationale: Ribosomes are cellular organelles (protein/RNA complexes), not biomacromolecules.
8. What are carbohydrates?
A. Fats used for long-term storage
B. Sugars of C, H, O; main fuel source
C. Amino acid polymers for structure
D. Nucleic acid components
Rationale: Carbohydrates (mono-, di-, polysaccharides) provide quick energy.
, ESTUDYR
9. Why are lipids unique among biomacromolecules?
A. They form rigid crystals
B. They are insoluble in water and built from smaller units
C. They always contain nitrogen
D. They are only synthesized by plants
Rationale: Lipids’ non-polar hydrocarbon chains repel water; they’re not true polymers.
10. Why are lipids insoluble in water?
A. They’re ionic
B. They consist of non-polar hydrocarbon chains
C. They’re too large
D. They contain sugar
Rationale: Non-polar molecules do not mix with polar water (like oil and water).
11. Describe the structure of a phospholipid.
A. Two hydrophilic heads
B. Single hydrocarbon chain only
C. Polar “head” (phosphate + N) + two non-polar fatty acid “tails”
D. A ring structure
Rationale: Amphipathic phospholipids form bilayers in membranes.
12. Which of these is NOT a function of proteins?
A. Enzymatic catalysis
B. Transport & channels
C. Structural support
D. Genetic information storage
Rationale: DNA/RNA store genetic info; proteins perform most cellular tasks.
13. How does protein shape determine function?
A. It doesn’t; function is random
B. The 3D conformation (key) fits specific targets (locks)
