2025-2026 AZ093-Early Childhood
Professional Knowledge Exam with
Actual Complete Answers.
Which of these is NOT one of the major personality structures proposed by Sigmund Freud in
his psychoanalytic theory of development?
a. Id
b. Ego
c. Libido
d. Superego - Answer c. Libido
Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development,
which ones occur during infancy and early childhood through elementary ages? - Answer Oral
stage is associated with infancy
What psychosocial stages did Erik Erikson say in his developmental theory are all experienced by
children from birth through the elementary school years? - Answer Basic Trust vs. Mistrust -
infancy
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt- toddlerhood
Initiative vs. Guilty- young adulthood
Industry vs. Inferiority- middle
Among the following stages designated by Erikson in this theory of psychosocial development,
which are most associated with the life of adolescence? - Answer Identity vs. Role Confusion
and Intimacy vs. Isolation
What is a principle wherein Albert Bandura's theory agrees with behaviorist learning theory? -
Answer Consequences reinforce or punish behaviors
What mode of representation did Jerome Bruner describe as emerging the earliest in child
cognitive development? - Answer Enactive representation
What did John Dewey believe education should ideally be? - Answer Child-centered and
, Jean Piaget described which of his cognitive developmental stages as including characteristics of
ecocentrism, intuitive thinking, centration, animism, and magical thinking? - Answer
Preoperational
What learning process produces the result of reconstructing or repositioning a belief system or
value system? - Answer Creating cognitive dissonance with an existing position
What student acquired skill is most common during early childhood education? - Answer
Learning by playing
What means thinking and learning about one's own thought and learning processes? - Answer
Metacognition
What term refers to the process of training a reflexive response to occur upon receiving an
originally unrelated stimulus? - Answer Classical conditioning
When children construct meaning, they address new information that does not fit into their
existing concepts or schemes by either forming a new scheme or changing an existing one.
What is this process called? - Answer Accommodation
When children play, they learn and develop concepts through interacting with the environment.
What kinds of concepts do they learn through their senses? - Answer Physical concepts
To encourage creativity and imagination, which of these activities is more appropriate for
children in upper elementary grades than younger children? - Answer Writing
Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development,
which ones occur during adolescence? - Answer The genital stage
Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development,
which ones occur during elementary school ages? - Answer The latency stage
Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development,
which ones occur during preschool ages? The Latency stage is associated with elementary
school ages, and the Genital stage is associated with adolescence. - Answer The phallic stage
Professional Knowledge Exam with
Actual Complete Answers.
Which of these is NOT one of the major personality structures proposed by Sigmund Freud in
his psychoanalytic theory of development?
a. Id
b. Ego
c. Libido
d. Superego - Answer c. Libido
Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development,
which ones occur during infancy and early childhood through elementary ages? - Answer Oral
stage is associated with infancy
What psychosocial stages did Erik Erikson say in his developmental theory are all experienced by
children from birth through the elementary school years? - Answer Basic Trust vs. Mistrust -
infancy
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt- toddlerhood
Initiative vs. Guilty- young adulthood
Industry vs. Inferiority- middle
Among the following stages designated by Erikson in this theory of psychosocial development,
which are most associated with the life of adolescence? - Answer Identity vs. Role Confusion
and Intimacy vs. Isolation
What is a principle wherein Albert Bandura's theory agrees with behaviorist learning theory? -
Answer Consequences reinforce or punish behaviors
What mode of representation did Jerome Bruner describe as emerging the earliest in child
cognitive development? - Answer Enactive representation
What did John Dewey believe education should ideally be? - Answer Child-centered and
, Jean Piaget described which of his cognitive developmental stages as including characteristics of
ecocentrism, intuitive thinking, centration, animism, and magical thinking? - Answer
Preoperational
What learning process produces the result of reconstructing or repositioning a belief system or
value system? - Answer Creating cognitive dissonance with an existing position
What student acquired skill is most common during early childhood education? - Answer
Learning by playing
What means thinking and learning about one's own thought and learning processes? - Answer
Metacognition
What term refers to the process of training a reflexive response to occur upon receiving an
originally unrelated stimulus? - Answer Classical conditioning
When children construct meaning, they address new information that does not fit into their
existing concepts or schemes by either forming a new scheme or changing an existing one.
What is this process called? - Answer Accommodation
When children play, they learn and develop concepts through interacting with the environment.
What kinds of concepts do they learn through their senses? - Answer Physical concepts
To encourage creativity and imagination, which of these activities is more appropriate for
children in upper elementary grades than younger children? - Answer Writing
Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development,
which ones occur during adolescence? - Answer The genital stage
Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development,
which ones occur during elementary school ages? - Answer The latency stage
Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development,
which ones occur during preschool ages? The Latency stage is associated with elementary
school ages, and the Genital stage is associated with adolescence. - Answer The phallic stage
