Primary Care Geriatrics – 2025 Exam Questions & Answers (Comprehensive Study Guide)

, Table of content

Chapter 1: Principles of Primary Care of Older Adults

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 2: Interprofessional Team Care

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 3: Geriatric Assessment

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 4: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Medicine in Older Adults

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 5: Wellness and Prevention

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 6: Cultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Caring for Older Adults

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 7: Appropriate Prescribing

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 8: Ethics

• Test Question Answers

,Chapter 9: Financing and Organization of Healthcare

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 10: Billing and Coding

• Test Question Answers




Chapters 11–20

Chapter 11: Hospital Care

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 12: Long-Term Care

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 13: Home Care

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 14: Rehabilitation

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 15: Palliative Care

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 16: Emergency Care

,• Test Question Answers


Chapter 17: Delirium

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 18: Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias
• Test Question Answers


Chapter 19: Depression

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 20: Gait, Balance, and Falls

• Test Question Answers




Chapters 21–30

Chapter 21: Dizziness
• Test Question Answers


Chapter 22: Syncope

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 23: Urinary Incontinence

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 24: Constipation and Fecal Incontinence

,• Test Question Answers


Chapter 25: Hearing Impairment

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 26: Visual Impairment and Eye Problems



• Test Question Answers


Chapter 27: Persistent Pain



• Test Question Answers


Chapter 28: Malnutrition and Feeding Problems

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 29: Frailty

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 30: Pressure Injuries

• Test Question Answers




Chapters 31–40

Chapter 31: Sleep Disorders in Older Individuals

,• Test Question Answers


Chapter 32: Sexual Health


• Test Question Answers


Chapter 33: Elder Mistreatment

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 34: Substance Use in Older Adults

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 35: Driving

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 36: Hypertension

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 37: Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 38: Heart Failure

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 39: Peripheral Vascular Disease

• Test Question Answers

,Chapter 40: Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

• Test Question Answers




Chapters 41–54

Chapter 41: Diabetes Mellitus

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 42: Thyroid Disorders

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 43: Osteoporosis

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 44: Arthritis and Related Disorders

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 45: Foot Problems

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 46: Cancer

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 47: Anemia in Older Adults

,• Test Question Answers


Chapter 48: Pulmonary Disease

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 49: Infectious Diseases

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 50: Gastroenterology

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 51: Benign Prostate Disease

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 52: Parkinson Disease

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 53: Oral Disorders and Systemic Diseases

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 54: Skin Problems

• Test Question Answers

,Chapter 1
1. Question 1
An 80-year-old woman presents for routine follow-up. She
reports requiring reading glasses for fine print but has no
visual complaints otherwise. Which of the following
findings on her ophthalmologic exam is most consistent
with normal physiologic aging rather than ocular disease?
A. Loss of peripheral vision in a “tunnel” pattern
B. Clouding of the lens nucleus with minimal impact on
vision
C. Drusen deposits on the macula
D. Neovascularization under the retina
Answer: B
Rationale: Nuclear sclerosis of the lens leading to increased
lens density is a hallmark of normal aging; it often does not
produce significant visual impairment until advanced stages.
Tunnel vision suggests glaucoma (A), drusen are age-related
macular degeneration precursors (C), and neovascularization
indicates “wet” macular degeneration (D).
Reference: Ham’s Primary Care Geriatrics, 7th Ed, Ch. 1
(Physiologic Aging of the Eye)


2. Question 2
A 75-year-old man notes occasional word-finding

, difficulties but maintains fluent conversation and daily
activities. Cognitive testing shows only mild slowing on
retrieval tasks. This presentation most likely reflects:
A. Mild cognitive impairment
B. Early Alzheimer disease
C. Normal cognitive aging
D. Vascular dementia
Answer: C
Rationale: Age-related changes include a mild decrease in
processing speed and retrieval but preserved overall function.
Mild cognitive impairment (A) includes measurable decline
beyond normal aging with preserved activities of daily living.
Early Alzheimer disease (B) shows progressive memory
impairment. Vascular dementia (D) has stepwise deficits with
focal neurologic signs.
Reference: Ham’s Primary Care Geriatrics, 7th Ed, Ch. 1
(Cognitive Aging)


3. Question 3
When differentiating aging from disease, which of the
following findings should prompt evaluation for underlying
pathology rather than being attributed to “normal aging”?
A. Slight decrease in maximal heart rate
B. 1.0 kg/year weight loss without change in diet