Pediatric Nursing (Wong's
Essentials): midterm questions and
answers 2025/2026 latest update
A nurse is delivering a lecture to a group of parents on child health and diseases. What is the most
common cause of death in children older than 1 year?
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Motor vehicle accidents
Heart disease -✔✔ answer Motor Vehicle Accidents
Rationale: Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of death in children over 1 year of age.
Obesity is the most common nutritional problem in children and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Incidents
related to death due to heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease, in children are not that common.
A school nurse finds that many adolescents in the school are overweight. Being overweight predisposes
these adolescents to which conditions?
Diabetes
Hypertension
Heart diseases
Fractures
Headaches -✔✔ answer Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart Disease
Rationale: Overweight individuals are at high risk of developing diabetes due to increased insulin
resistance. The risk of hypertension and heart disease is also high due to atherosclerosis. The risk of
fractures and headaches is not dependent on body weight.
What should be the primary goal of a nurse while providing atraumatic care to a child?
First, do no harm to the child.
Restrain the child.
,Repress the parents.
Anesthetize the child -✔✔ answer First, do no harm to the child.
Rationale: The most important goal for providing a traumatic care is first, do no harm to the child.
Restraining the child, repressing the parents and anesthesia are not primary goals of a traumatic care.
What is the most common cause of death and disability in children in the United States?
Injuries
Violence
Drowning
Mental health problems -✔✔ answer Injuries.
Rationale: Injuries account for the most common cause of death and disability to children in the United
States. Violence, drowning, and mental health problems are not the most common causes of death and
disability in children in the United States.
A nurse understands that moral values are important in any decision making. What does the moral value
autonomy refer to?
The obligation to prevent or minimize harm
The patient's right to be self-governing
The concept of fairness
The obligation to promote the patient's well-being -✔✔ answer The patient's right to be self-
governing.
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the patient's right to be self-governing and make decisions about his or
her own healthcare. The obligation to prevent or minimize harm is called nonmaleficence. The concept
of fairness is called justice. The obligation to promote the patient's well-being is called beneficence.
What should be the nurse's instruction to the parent of a child who is overweight?
Inform the parent that the baby is well nourished.
,Advise the parent to put the child on a temporary fast.
Tell the parent to reduce the quantity of food supplied to child.
Emphasize the importance of physical activity for the child. -✔✔ answer Emphasize the importance
of physical activity for the child.
Rationale: Childhood obesity is the major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Weight-loss
measures such as increased physical activity and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle play an important role in
prevention of diabetes. Overweight is also a sort of malnourishment. A fast is merely a temporary
measure of weight reduction and is not appropriate for children. Modification of food habits is more
important than reducing food intake.
A nurse explains to a young patient's parent that, in children, the frequency of certain diseases
decreases with age. Which condition should the nurse state as an example to prove her point?
Headaches
Acne
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Tonsillitis -✔✔ answer Tonsillitis
Rationale: The types of illnesses that children contract are dependent on age. The incidence of upper
respiratory tract infections like tonsillitis decreases with age. Headaches and acne increase in frequency
with age. Type 1 or juvenile diabetes is not associated with a specific age.
After recording the weight of a newborn child, the nurse concludes that it is a low-birth-weight (LBW)
baby. What is the weight of the baby?
More than 4.5 kg
More than 3.5 kg
Less than 2.5 kg
Less than 5.0 kg -✔✔ answer Less than 2.5 kg
Rationale: LBW is a major cause of neonatal death. LBW is defined as a birth weight of a live born infant
less than 2.5 kg (5.5 pounds). Birth weights of more than 4.5 kg, more than 3.5 kg, and less than 5.0 kg
are normal.
, When teaching safety and injury prevention, the nurse explains that children are at risk for different
injuries based on their developmental stage. Which group of children is at the greatest risk of street
accidents?
Small infants
Crawling infants
Mobile toddler
Preschooler -✔✔ answer Preschooler
Rationale: The type of injury mostly depends on the developmental stage of the child and the activities
related to that developmental age. Preschoolers may become too absorbed in their play activities to be
aware of environmental hazards such as street traffic and water. Small infants do not move much, but
when they try to move or roll, they can fall from unprotected surfaces. Crawling infants tend to put
objects in their mouth and are thus at high risk of aspiration and poisoning. Mobile toddlers are at high
risk of falls, burns, and collision with objects due to their newfound capability to run and climb.
How does the nursing diagnosis phase of the nursing process help the nurse make decisions about the
patient's care?
The nursing diagnosis phase of the nursing process is completed once the outcome has been met.
The nursing diagnosis phase of the nursing process occurs when the nurse puts the selected intervention
into action.
The nursing diagnosis phase of the nursing process operates at all phases of problem-solving and is the
foundation for decision-making.
The nursing diagnosis phase of the nursing process helps the nurse make a clinical judgment about the
patient's response to an actual or potential health problem. -✔✔ answer The nursing diagnosis
phase of the nursing process helps the nurse make a clinical judgment about the patient's response to
an actual or potential health problem.
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses help the nurse make a clinical judgment about the patient's response to an
actual or potential health problem. Evaluation, rather than nursing diagnosis, is the phase of the nursing
process that is complete once the outcome has been met. Implementation, rather than nursing
diagnosis, is the phase of the nursing process in which the nurse puts the selected intervention into
action. Assessment, rather than nursing diagnosis, is the phase of the nursing process that operates at
all phases of problem-solving and is the foundation for decision-making.
Essentials): midterm questions and
answers 2025/2026 latest update
A nurse is delivering a lecture to a group of parents on child health and diseases. What is the most
common cause of death in children older than 1 year?
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Motor vehicle accidents
Heart disease -✔✔ answer Motor Vehicle Accidents
Rationale: Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of death in children over 1 year of age.
Obesity is the most common nutritional problem in children and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Incidents
related to death due to heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease, in children are not that common.
A school nurse finds that many adolescents in the school are overweight. Being overweight predisposes
these adolescents to which conditions?
Diabetes
Hypertension
Heart diseases
Fractures
Headaches -✔✔ answer Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart Disease
Rationale: Overweight individuals are at high risk of developing diabetes due to increased insulin
resistance. The risk of hypertension and heart disease is also high due to atherosclerosis. The risk of
fractures and headaches is not dependent on body weight.
What should be the primary goal of a nurse while providing atraumatic care to a child?
First, do no harm to the child.
Restrain the child.
,Repress the parents.
Anesthetize the child -✔✔ answer First, do no harm to the child.
Rationale: The most important goal for providing a traumatic care is first, do no harm to the child.
Restraining the child, repressing the parents and anesthesia are not primary goals of a traumatic care.
What is the most common cause of death and disability in children in the United States?
Injuries
Violence
Drowning
Mental health problems -✔✔ answer Injuries.
Rationale: Injuries account for the most common cause of death and disability to children in the United
States. Violence, drowning, and mental health problems are not the most common causes of death and
disability in children in the United States.
A nurse understands that moral values are important in any decision making. What does the moral value
autonomy refer to?
The obligation to prevent or minimize harm
The patient's right to be self-governing
The concept of fairness
The obligation to promote the patient's well-being -✔✔ answer The patient's right to be self-
governing.
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the patient's right to be self-governing and make decisions about his or
her own healthcare. The obligation to prevent or minimize harm is called nonmaleficence. The concept
of fairness is called justice. The obligation to promote the patient's well-being is called beneficence.
What should be the nurse's instruction to the parent of a child who is overweight?
Inform the parent that the baby is well nourished.
,Advise the parent to put the child on a temporary fast.
Tell the parent to reduce the quantity of food supplied to child.
Emphasize the importance of physical activity for the child. -✔✔ answer Emphasize the importance
of physical activity for the child.
Rationale: Childhood obesity is the major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Weight-loss
measures such as increased physical activity and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle play an important role in
prevention of diabetes. Overweight is also a sort of malnourishment. A fast is merely a temporary
measure of weight reduction and is not appropriate for children. Modification of food habits is more
important than reducing food intake.
A nurse explains to a young patient's parent that, in children, the frequency of certain diseases
decreases with age. Which condition should the nurse state as an example to prove her point?
Headaches
Acne
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Tonsillitis -✔✔ answer Tonsillitis
Rationale: The types of illnesses that children contract are dependent on age. The incidence of upper
respiratory tract infections like tonsillitis decreases with age. Headaches and acne increase in frequency
with age. Type 1 or juvenile diabetes is not associated with a specific age.
After recording the weight of a newborn child, the nurse concludes that it is a low-birth-weight (LBW)
baby. What is the weight of the baby?
More than 4.5 kg
More than 3.5 kg
Less than 2.5 kg
Less than 5.0 kg -✔✔ answer Less than 2.5 kg
Rationale: LBW is a major cause of neonatal death. LBW is defined as a birth weight of a live born infant
less than 2.5 kg (5.5 pounds). Birth weights of more than 4.5 kg, more than 3.5 kg, and less than 5.0 kg
are normal.
, When teaching safety and injury prevention, the nurse explains that children are at risk for different
injuries based on their developmental stage. Which group of children is at the greatest risk of street
accidents?
Small infants
Crawling infants
Mobile toddler
Preschooler -✔✔ answer Preschooler
Rationale: The type of injury mostly depends on the developmental stage of the child and the activities
related to that developmental age. Preschoolers may become too absorbed in their play activities to be
aware of environmental hazards such as street traffic and water. Small infants do not move much, but
when they try to move or roll, they can fall from unprotected surfaces. Crawling infants tend to put
objects in their mouth and are thus at high risk of aspiration and poisoning. Mobile toddlers are at high
risk of falls, burns, and collision with objects due to their newfound capability to run and climb.
How does the nursing diagnosis phase of the nursing process help the nurse make decisions about the
patient's care?
The nursing diagnosis phase of the nursing process is completed once the outcome has been met.
The nursing diagnosis phase of the nursing process occurs when the nurse puts the selected intervention
into action.
The nursing diagnosis phase of the nursing process operates at all phases of problem-solving and is the
foundation for decision-making.
The nursing diagnosis phase of the nursing process helps the nurse make a clinical judgment about the
patient's response to an actual or potential health problem. -✔✔ answer The nursing diagnosis
phase of the nursing process helps the nurse make a clinical judgment about the patient's response to
an actual or potential health problem.
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses help the nurse make a clinical judgment about the patient's response to an
actual or potential health problem. Evaluation, rather than nursing diagnosis, is the phase of the nursing
process that is complete once the outcome has been met. Implementation, rather than nursing
diagnosis, is the phase of the nursing process in which the nurse puts the selected intervention into
action. Assessment, rather than nursing diagnosis, is the phase of the nursing process that operates at
all phases of problem-solving and is the foundation for decision-making.
