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COS3761 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 - DUE July 2025; 100% correct solutions and explanations.

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COS3761 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 - DUE July 2025; 100% correct solutions and explanations. QUESTION 1 In which world of the Kripke model in Figure 1 is the formula ◊ p  □ q true? Option 1: world x₁ Option 2: world x₂ Option 3: world x₃, Option 4: Option 1 and Option 3 are true. UESTION 2 Which of the following does not hold in the Kripke model in Figure 1? Option 1: x₁ ╟ ◊ ◊ p .Option 2: x₂ ╟ □ p .Option 3: x₃ ╟ □ p  □ q .Option 4: x₄ ╟ □□ p QUESTION 3 Which of the following holds in the Kripke model given in Figure 1? Option 1: x₁ ╟ □ p .Option 2: x₂ ╟ ◊ ( p  q) .Option 3: x₃ ╟ ◊ p  □ ¬ q q p, q q p q x₁ x₄ x₃ q 20 Option 4: x₄ ╟ □ (p  q) . QUESTION 4 Which of the following formulas is true in the Kripke model given in Figure 1? Option 1: ◊ p Option 2: □ q Option 3: □ ◊ q Option 4: □ p QUESTION 5 Which of the following formulas is false in the Kripke model given in Figure 1? Option 1: p  q Option 2: □ ◊ p Option 3: □ (p  q) Option 4: p  ◊ q QUESTION 6 If we interpret □  as "It ought to be that  ", which of the following formulas correctly expresses the English sentence It ought to be the case that if it rains outside then it is permitted to take leave from work. : p stands for the declarative sentence "It rains outside" and q stands for "take leave from work"? Option 1: □ (p ¬ □ ¬ q) Option 2: □( p ¬ ◊ q) Option 3: □ p  ◊ ¬ q Option 4: □ p  □ q .QUESTION 7 21 If we interpret □  as "It is necessarily true that  ", why should the formula scheme □   □ □  hold in this modality? Option 1: Because for all formulas , it is necessarily true that if  then . Option 2:Because for all formulas , if  is necessarily true, then it is necessary that it is necessarily true. Option 3:Because for all formulas , if  is not possibly true, then it is true. Option 4: Because for all formulas ,  is necessarily true if it is true. QUESTION 8 If we interpret □

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, COS3761 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 -
DUE July 2025; 100% correct solutions and explanations.
QUESTION 1:

Which world in the Kripke model is ◊p ∧ □q true?
✅ Answer: Option 4: world x₁ and x₃
→ ◊p means "possibly p" (i.e., in some accessible world, p is true), and □q means
"in all accessible worlds, q is true". So both must hold in the same world.




QUESTION 2:

Which of the following does not hold?
✅ Answer: Option 2: x₂ ⊨ □p
→ This fails if p is not true in all accessible worlds from x₂.




QUESTION 3:

Which of the following holds?
✅ Answer: Option 2: x₂ ⊨ ◊(p ∨ q)
→ There is some accessible world from x₂ where p ∨ q is true.




QUESTION 4:

Which formula is true in the Kripke model?
✅ Answer: Option 3: □◊q
→ In all accessible worlds, q is possibly true (there exists a future or reachable
world where q is true).

Connected book
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Richard Jeffrey Formal Logic
Publisher: 2006 ISBN: 9781624666063 Edition: Unknown

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