ATI Pharmacology CH. 1 Exam Questions & Verified Answers

Kidney dysfunction can lead to what? What is important to monitor? - ANSWER-It can lead to an increase in the duration and intensity of a medications response, so it is important to monitor BUM and creatinine levels. Therapeutic index (TI) - ANSWER-High level: have a wide safety margin so there is no need for routine serum medication-level monitoring. Low: Require close monitoring of the serum medication levels. Half-life - ANSWER-Liver and Kidney function affect Half-life. It usually takes 4 half-lives to achieve a steady state of serum concentration (medication intake=Medication metabolism and excretion.) MEC - ANSWER-Minimum effective concentration Short half-life - ANSWER-Medications leave the body quickly (4-8 hours) Short dosing interval or MEC drops between doses. Long half-life - ANSWER-Leave body more slowly: over more than 24 hr: with a greater risk for medication accumulation and toxicity. Can give medications at longer intervals without loss of therapeutic effect. Medications take a longer time to reach a steady state. Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER-Describes the interactions between medications and target cells, body systems, and organs to produce effects. Resulting in functional changes by the medication. Agonists - ANSWER-Are medications that bind to or mimic the receptor activity that endogenous compounds regulate. Example: Morphine is an agonist because it activates the receptors that produce analgesia, sedation, constipation and other effects. (receptors are the medication's target sites on or within the cells.) Antagonists - ANSWER-Are medications that can block the usual receptor activity that Sublingual and buccal absorption - ANSWER-Quick absorption systemically through highly vascular mucous membranes. Rectal and vagina absorption - ANSWER-Easy absorption with both local and systemic effects Absorption with Inhalation via mouth, nose. - ANSWER