2025/2026 Exam Questions and Answers
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Hippocrates - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔"Father of Medicine"
Isabel Adams Hampton-Robb - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Focused on the academics rather
than clinically raised standards of education in the U.S. She was an advocate for
reducing long hours. She was the first president of the ANA, and helped develop
American Journal of Nursing.
Lillian Ward - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Opened the Henry Street Settlement (a storefront
health clinic in a poorer part of NYC. The nurses made home visits and focused on
sanitary conditions and children's health). She was an advocate for wellness
education, Founded the National Organization for Public health nursing, in 1912.
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,Lavinia Lloyd Dock - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Write the medical textbook for nurses. She
addressed problems of poverty and squalor. She was dedicated to the pursuit of
equal rights. She spent of 20 years fighting for women's rights to vote.
Annie W. Goodrich - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔She ran multiple nursing schools throughout
New York. In 1910, she was appointed State Inspector of Nursing Schools (a
position on physicians held), and was the Dean of Nursing in the Army Nursing
School, and Yale School of Nursing. She established a nursing training program at
Vassar College.
Loretta C. Ford - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Founded Nurse Practitioner (NP) Practice.
The Lamp - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Flame of Life, extinguished by death. The burning of
the lamp symbolized enlightenment that accompanies knowledge. Florence used
the lamps during her rounds at night.
The Nursing Pin - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔During the crusades, Knight's hospitallers wore
a white maltese cross around their neck, showing they were skilled in treating
injured soldiers.
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,The first modern nursing pin attributed to Nightingale, which was the blue cross
with her head in the middle. Each program designed a unique pin to represent
values, philosophies, beliefs, and goals.
The Cap - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A symbol of service to others. The first one was in
1874, primary used to keep long hair out of the way. Each school designed their
own. Separate ceremonies for pinning and capping. Capping was after 6 months of
classroom education. Signs of rank were first year, white cap, 2nd year, vertical
black band on the edge, and 3rd year, graduation, vertical band removed and a
black band across the front.
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Using research findings to guide
nursing practice. It uses statistical data to estimate the risk-benefit ratio.
Model - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Small copy, imitation, or design.
A generalized hypothetical description often based on an analogy used to explain
something.
It can explain a complex reality in a systematic and organized manner.
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, Theory - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A mental viewing, proposed idea or plan, formulation of
a relationship that helps explain an observable phenomenon.
It helps to provide care in an organized manner.
Values - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Concepts, ideas, behaviors, and significant themes that
give meaning to our personal lives.
Morals - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Standards of right and wrong that are internalized by the
process of learning inherent in human socialization. They are often based on
religious beliefs.
Ethics - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A system of valued behaviors and beliefs that declare
what is right, wrong, and what ought to be.
Autonomy - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Self-determination.
Patients have the right to make decisions for their care.
Beneficence - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Benefit to others, primary goals is to do good and
avoid harm.
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