Medical Surgical Nursing question and answers 2025
What is hypermetropia? - correct answerlong sitedness, whereby light ray convergence at a
point after the retina, and therfore out of focus. Nearby objects apphear blurry while distant
objects are clearer
what is myopia? - correct answernear/short sightedness, close is clear, far is blurry
-usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully grown. also in very young children.
conditions associated with myopia? - correct answersquint- childhood eyes point in diff.
directions.
lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly
glaucoma - IOC pressure.
cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense.
Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the blood vessel that nourish it
What is astigmatism? - correct answerFailure to converge image at one point on the fovea (likea
refraction rather than focusing)
Causes of astigmatism? - correct answer-Hereditary - corneal or lenticular
-Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the cornea
keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and shape change.
Some conditions of the eyelid
others that affect cornea or lense
What is presbyopia? - correct answergradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby
objects. It's a natural part of aging 40-65yrs
,Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis? - correct answerS.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu
also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae
what is opthalmia neonatorum? - correct answerchlamydia or gonorrheae infection from
infected birth canal affecting 20-40%
What is Episcleritis ? - correct answerInflamationof localiased superficial episclera vascular
network, most commonly diffuse (moderate to sever inflam @1-3 month intervals)
-Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with associated systemic disease)
What are the classification of Allergic conjunctivitis? - correct answertype 1 hypersensitivity -
seasonal (SAC)
perrenial - chronic (PAC)
Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma
gaint pappilary (GPC)
Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC)
What is gaint pappilary Allergica conjunctivitis - correct answerinner lining of the eyelid swells
and develops small bumps. Known as papillae, these bumps tend to form after chronic irritation
what can cause a corneal abbration? - correct answerDirect trauma
Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva
Heat by contact
UV radiation (Arc Eye)
What can cause corneal ulcer? - correct answercan be secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating
injuries or prolonged use of contact lenses
What are dendritic ulcers? - correct answerHerpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is the most
frequent cause of corneal blindness.
,- aggressive treatment -
Symptoms of Dendritic ulcers? - correct answerPain
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Tearing
Redness
- with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching pattern,
Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy? - correct answer- infectious epithelial keratitis
(with characteristic dendritic ulcers)
-neurotrophic keratopathy
-stromal keratitis endotheliitis (classified as disciform, diffuse, or linear)
what are the symptoms of keratic precipitates and anterior uveitis - correct answerPain,
generally developing over a few hours or days except in cases of trauma:
Redness
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Increased lacrimation
Chronic anterior uveitis presents primarily as blurred vision and mild redness.
pain & photophobia normaly only during acute episode.
what are the symptoms of posterior Uveitis? - correct answerBlurred vision and floaters
Absence of symptoms of anterior uveitis (ie, pain, redness, and photophobia)
All parts of the posterior chamber may be affected, including the retina, choroid and optic
nerve. It can be caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections.
, What are the findings of posterior Uveitis upon opthalmoscopy? - correct answerposterior
uveitis Showing candle wax drippings (white areas)
Anterior uventis is linked to which non infectious diseases? - correct answer-Ankyolising
spondilitis,
-behcet syndrom (ulcers eye,mouth & genitals),
-IBS,
-Juvenile arthritis, sarcoidosis (Granulomatous disease),
-seronegative arthropathy
Anterior uventis is linked to which infectious diseases? - correct answerHSV, SYphilis, TB &
varicella zoster
Intermediate uventis (Cillary body to retina) is linked to which non-infectious disease? - correct
answerLymphoma, MS and sarcoidosis
Posterior uventis (Retina, retinavvessels) and Panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid layer) -
is linked which non-infectious diseases? - correct answerBehcets sydrome, lymphoma,
sarcoidosis2
Posterior uventis (Retina, retinavvessels) and Panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid layer) -
is linked which infectious diseases? - correct answerCMV, endogenous encephalitis, syphalis. TB
and varicella zoster
Toxicaris & toxoplasmosis
Workup for suspected uveitis? - correct answerCBC, ESR, Antinuclear antibody (ANA),
Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)
Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL)
Lyme titer
HLA testing for ankylosing spondylarthroses
What is hypermetropia? - correct answerlong sitedness, whereby light ray convergence at a
point after the retina, and therfore out of focus. Nearby objects apphear blurry while distant
objects are clearer
what is myopia? - correct answernear/short sightedness, close is clear, far is blurry
-usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully grown. also in very young children.
conditions associated with myopia? - correct answersquint- childhood eyes point in diff.
directions.
lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly
glaucoma - IOC pressure.
cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense.
Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the blood vessel that nourish it
What is astigmatism? - correct answerFailure to converge image at one point on the fovea (likea
refraction rather than focusing)
Causes of astigmatism? - correct answer-Hereditary - corneal or lenticular
-Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the cornea
keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and shape change.
Some conditions of the eyelid
others that affect cornea or lense
What is presbyopia? - correct answergradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby
objects. It's a natural part of aging 40-65yrs
,Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis? - correct answerS.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu
also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae
what is opthalmia neonatorum? - correct answerchlamydia or gonorrheae infection from
infected birth canal affecting 20-40%
What is Episcleritis ? - correct answerInflamationof localiased superficial episclera vascular
network, most commonly diffuse (moderate to sever inflam @1-3 month intervals)
-Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with associated systemic disease)
What are the classification of Allergic conjunctivitis? - correct answertype 1 hypersensitivity -
seasonal (SAC)
perrenial - chronic (PAC)
Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma
gaint pappilary (GPC)
Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC)
What is gaint pappilary Allergica conjunctivitis - correct answerinner lining of the eyelid swells
and develops small bumps. Known as papillae, these bumps tend to form after chronic irritation
what can cause a corneal abbration? - correct answerDirect trauma
Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva
Heat by contact
UV radiation (Arc Eye)
What can cause corneal ulcer? - correct answercan be secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating
injuries or prolonged use of contact lenses
What are dendritic ulcers? - correct answerHerpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is the most
frequent cause of corneal blindness.
,- aggressive treatment -
Symptoms of Dendritic ulcers? - correct answerPain
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Tearing
Redness
- with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching pattern,
Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy? - correct answer- infectious epithelial keratitis
(with characteristic dendritic ulcers)
-neurotrophic keratopathy
-stromal keratitis endotheliitis (classified as disciform, diffuse, or linear)
what are the symptoms of keratic precipitates and anterior uveitis - correct answerPain,
generally developing over a few hours or days except in cases of trauma:
Redness
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Increased lacrimation
Chronic anterior uveitis presents primarily as blurred vision and mild redness.
pain & photophobia normaly only during acute episode.
what are the symptoms of posterior Uveitis? - correct answerBlurred vision and floaters
Absence of symptoms of anterior uveitis (ie, pain, redness, and photophobia)
All parts of the posterior chamber may be affected, including the retina, choroid and optic
nerve. It can be caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections.
, What are the findings of posterior Uveitis upon opthalmoscopy? - correct answerposterior
uveitis Showing candle wax drippings (white areas)
Anterior uventis is linked to which non infectious diseases? - correct answer-Ankyolising
spondilitis,
-behcet syndrom (ulcers eye,mouth & genitals),
-IBS,
-Juvenile arthritis, sarcoidosis (Granulomatous disease),
-seronegative arthropathy
Anterior uventis is linked to which infectious diseases? - correct answerHSV, SYphilis, TB &
varicella zoster
Intermediate uventis (Cillary body to retina) is linked to which non-infectious disease? - correct
answerLymphoma, MS and sarcoidosis
Posterior uventis (Retina, retinavvessels) and Panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid layer) -
is linked which non-infectious diseases? - correct answerBehcets sydrome, lymphoma,
sarcoidosis2
Posterior uventis (Retina, retinavvessels) and Panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid layer) -
is linked which infectious diseases? - correct answerCMV, endogenous encephalitis, syphalis. TB
and varicella zoster
Toxicaris & toxoplasmosis
Workup for suspected uveitis? - correct answerCBC, ESR, Antinuclear antibody (ANA),
Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)
Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL)
Lyme titer
HLA testing for ankylosing spondylarthroses
