1 of 160
Definition
Solution: The correct answers are A and B.
The “gold standard” for testicular cancer diagnosis is ultrasound (not
MRI) and testicular biopsy. An orchidectomy is performed with a
confirmed malignancy. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are used
to screen for prostate cancer.
,A 2-day old infant presents with red conjunctiva, purulent drainage, and puffy
eyelids. A Thayer-Martin culture is positive, as well as a positive polymerase chain
reaction test (PCR). The infant is hospitalized for high doses of intravenous (IV)
ceftriaxone. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis
A 76-year-old obese patient has fatigue, thirst, and frequent urination. She was
asked to measure AM fasting glucose values for 1 week. The values rage from 142-
175 mg/dL. This patient:
A 77-year-old patient has had an increase in blood pressure since the last exam.
The blood pressure readings are provided. If medication is to be started on this
patient, what would be a good first choice?
Q. A 15-year-old male being seen in the office for his annual check-up tells the
nurse practitioner he felt a lump in his “sack” but denies pain. On palpation, the
nurse practitioner appreciates a 2-cm hard, fixed nodular lump at the lower
pole of the right testis. Transillumination of the scrotum shows a dark non-
illuminated area indicative of a mass. The nurse practitioner refers the patient
to a urologist for which diagnostic test? Select all that apply.
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Orchiectomy
MRI
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) level
2 of 160
,Term
Which study listed below is considered an experimental study?
inguinal hernia
Direct inguinal hernias occur through Hesselbach's triangle. The inguinal ligament,
the rectus muscle, and the epigastric vessels form the triangle. When there is a
weakness in the floor of the inguinal canal, a hernia can result. Inguinal hernias are
the most common groin hernias in men and women. Repair of this is the most
common surgical procedure performed in the US.
Meta-analysis
Observational studies are studies in which subjects are observed. No
intervention takes place with them. Examples of these are found in the first
three choices. A meta-analysis takes published information from other studies
and combines the information to arrive at a conclusion. Although a meta
analysis can use observational studies, these should be reported separately.
E
The most common pathogen associated with pyelonephritis is E. coli. This is a gram-
negative pathogen that commonly inhabits the lower genitourinary (GU) tract. It also
is the most common pathogen associated with urinary tract infections (UTI).
Untreated or undertreated UTIs are the most common reason for pyelonephritis.
Hence, it is reasonable for the pathogen to be similar. The other organisms listed are
not common inhabitants in the lower GU tract
Early morning wakening
Sleep difficulty is a common complaint among patients with depression. Patients
with difficulty falling asleep are often anxious. Frequent waking and early morning
, wakening are complaints by many patients with depression. There is no agreed on
physiologic explanation, but this is a common symptom.
3 of 160
Definition
undescended testicles
Cryptorchidism refers to a testis that is not within the scrotum and has
not descended by 4 months of age. The undescended testis may be in
the abdomen, the prescrotal area, or may be absent. A testis that does
not descend may be due to a short spermatic artery or poor blood
supply. An absent testis may be due to agenesis or atrophy. During
normal prenatal development, the testes develop in the abdominal
cavity and descend through the groin tissue, forming a scrotal sac. The
incidence in premature birth is about 30% compared to full-term male
infants, in whom the rate is about 3%.
Battle's sign macular degeneration
cryptorchidism Isolated Hypertension
Definition
Solution: The correct answers are A and B.
The “gold standard” for testicular cancer diagnosis is ultrasound (not
MRI) and testicular biopsy. An orchidectomy is performed with a
confirmed malignancy. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are used
to screen for prostate cancer.
,A 2-day old infant presents with red conjunctiva, purulent drainage, and puffy
eyelids. A Thayer-Martin culture is positive, as well as a positive polymerase chain
reaction test (PCR). The infant is hospitalized for high doses of intravenous (IV)
ceftriaxone. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis
A 76-year-old obese patient has fatigue, thirst, and frequent urination. She was
asked to measure AM fasting glucose values for 1 week. The values rage from 142-
175 mg/dL. This patient:
A 77-year-old patient has had an increase in blood pressure since the last exam.
The blood pressure readings are provided. If medication is to be started on this
patient, what would be a good first choice?
Q. A 15-year-old male being seen in the office for his annual check-up tells the
nurse practitioner he felt a lump in his “sack” but denies pain. On palpation, the
nurse practitioner appreciates a 2-cm hard, fixed nodular lump at the lower
pole of the right testis. Transillumination of the scrotum shows a dark non-
illuminated area indicative of a mass. The nurse practitioner refers the patient
to a urologist for which diagnostic test? Select all that apply.
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Orchiectomy
MRI
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) level
2 of 160
,Term
Which study listed below is considered an experimental study?
inguinal hernia
Direct inguinal hernias occur through Hesselbach's triangle. The inguinal ligament,
the rectus muscle, and the epigastric vessels form the triangle. When there is a
weakness in the floor of the inguinal canal, a hernia can result. Inguinal hernias are
the most common groin hernias in men and women. Repair of this is the most
common surgical procedure performed in the US.
Meta-analysis
Observational studies are studies in which subjects are observed. No
intervention takes place with them. Examples of these are found in the first
three choices. A meta-analysis takes published information from other studies
and combines the information to arrive at a conclusion. Although a meta
analysis can use observational studies, these should be reported separately.
E
The most common pathogen associated with pyelonephritis is E. coli. This is a gram-
negative pathogen that commonly inhabits the lower genitourinary (GU) tract. It also
is the most common pathogen associated with urinary tract infections (UTI).
Untreated or undertreated UTIs are the most common reason for pyelonephritis.
Hence, it is reasonable for the pathogen to be similar. The other organisms listed are
not common inhabitants in the lower GU tract
Early morning wakening
Sleep difficulty is a common complaint among patients with depression. Patients
with difficulty falling asleep are often anxious. Frequent waking and early morning
, wakening are complaints by many patients with depression. There is no agreed on
physiologic explanation, but this is a common symptom.
3 of 160
Definition
undescended testicles
Cryptorchidism refers to a testis that is not within the scrotum and has
not descended by 4 months of age. The undescended testis may be in
the abdomen, the prescrotal area, or may be absent. A testis that does
not descend may be due to a short spermatic artery or poor blood
supply. An absent testis may be due to agenesis or atrophy. During
normal prenatal development, the testes develop in the abdominal
cavity and descend through the groin tissue, forming a scrotal sac. The
incidence in premature birth is about 30% compared to full-term male
infants, in whom the rate is about 3%.
Battle's sign macular degeneration
cryptorchidism Isolated Hypertension
