BIO100 Final Exam Questions and Answers
Q: what is cell theory?
✓✓ 1. all organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life and the smallest unit of life
3. every new cell comes from a pre-existing cell
Q: what is the plasma membrane?
✓✓ maintains the cell as a distinct entity
Q: cytoplasm
✓✓ consists of semi-fluid material and organells
Q: organelles
✓✓ tiny compartments within a cell that have specific functions
Q: DNA
✓✓ hereditary information found within a distinct nucleus in eukaryotes
-found floating around in prokaryotes
Q: RNA
✓✓ stores information like DNA and catalyzes reactions (like proteins)
Q: functions of the plasma membrane?
,✓✓ 1. separates internal and external environment
2. controls movement of materials in and out of cell
3. allows cell to interact with other cells
Q: what is the structure of the plasma membrane?
✓✓ 1. phospholipid bilyaer with hydrophilic heads on the outside and
hydrophobic tails on the inside
2. proteins and other lipids are embedded within the membrane
Q: what are ribosomes composed of? what are their function?
✓✓ composed of RNA and protein molecules
-assemble amino acids into proteins
Q: what kind of forms of life are prokaryotic? what are some main
features of prokaryotic cells?
✓✓ 1. bacteria and archaea
2. have no distinct nucleus (DNA is found in cytoplasm)
3. contain few organelles other than ribosomes
4. they have a cell wall
Q: what are some of the main structures and organelles of eurkaryotic
cells?
✓✓ 1. nucleus
2. endomembrane system
3. mitochondria
4. chloroplasts
5. cytoskeleton
, Q: what is the endomembrane system? what organelles make it up?
✓✓ 1. they are the organelles involved in the synthesis, storage, and
transportation of important molecules (conveyor belt of the factory)
2. endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, various vesicles
Q: whats the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER?
✓✓ the rough ER has ribosomes and is where protein synthesis occurs
-the smooth ER has no ribosomes and is the site of lipid synthesis and
transport
Q: what is the golgi complex do?
✓✓ 1. receives macromolecules from the ER
2. assemble, modify, and package macromolecules for exporting from the
cell
Q: what are vesicles?
✓✓ involved in transport, storage, and recycling
Q: what are lysosomes?
✓✓ the vesicles fro animals
-house enzymes that digest macromolecules (like carbs and proteins)
Q: what are central vacuole?
✓✓ the vesicles from plants
-store water, nutrients, wastes
Q: what is the mitochondria?
Q: what is cell theory?
✓✓ 1. all organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life and the smallest unit of life
3. every new cell comes from a pre-existing cell
Q: what is the plasma membrane?
✓✓ maintains the cell as a distinct entity
Q: cytoplasm
✓✓ consists of semi-fluid material and organells
Q: organelles
✓✓ tiny compartments within a cell that have specific functions
Q: DNA
✓✓ hereditary information found within a distinct nucleus in eukaryotes
-found floating around in prokaryotes
Q: RNA
✓✓ stores information like DNA and catalyzes reactions (like proteins)
Q: functions of the plasma membrane?
,✓✓ 1. separates internal and external environment
2. controls movement of materials in and out of cell
3. allows cell to interact with other cells
Q: what is the structure of the plasma membrane?
✓✓ 1. phospholipid bilyaer with hydrophilic heads on the outside and
hydrophobic tails on the inside
2. proteins and other lipids are embedded within the membrane
Q: what are ribosomes composed of? what are their function?
✓✓ composed of RNA and protein molecules
-assemble amino acids into proteins
Q: what kind of forms of life are prokaryotic? what are some main
features of prokaryotic cells?
✓✓ 1. bacteria and archaea
2. have no distinct nucleus (DNA is found in cytoplasm)
3. contain few organelles other than ribosomes
4. they have a cell wall
Q: what are some of the main structures and organelles of eurkaryotic
cells?
✓✓ 1. nucleus
2. endomembrane system
3. mitochondria
4. chloroplasts
5. cytoskeleton
, Q: what is the endomembrane system? what organelles make it up?
✓✓ 1. they are the organelles involved in the synthesis, storage, and
transportation of important molecules (conveyor belt of the factory)
2. endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, various vesicles
Q: whats the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER?
✓✓ the rough ER has ribosomes and is where protein synthesis occurs
-the smooth ER has no ribosomes and is the site of lipid synthesis and
transport
Q: what is the golgi complex do?
✓✓ 1. receives macromolecules from the ER
2. assemble, modify, and package macromolecules for exporting from the
cell
Q: what are vesicles?
✓✓ involved in transport, storage, and recycling
Q: what are lysosomes?
✓✓ the vesicles fro animals
-house enzymes that digest macromolecules (like carbs and proteins)
Q: what are central vacuole?
✓✓ the vesicles from plants
-store water, nutrients, wastes
Q: what is the mitochondria?
