KRM 310 Chapter 7
Erin Polyblank
CHAPTER 7: SEXUAL ASSUALT
There is no single profile that encompasses even a majority of sex offenders.
o Research shows that they differ in personal attributes such as age,
background, personality, race, religion, beliefs, attitudes, and interpersonal
skills.
o The features of their crimes also differ markedly among offenders,
including time and place, the gender and age of the victim, the degree of
planning the offense, and the amount of violence used or intended.
Sex offending has traditionally been viewed as a male undertaking, it is clear
that female sex offending, though less prevalent, is not unusual.
CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING ABNORMAL SEXUAL
BEHAVIOUR (NB)
1. When the behaviour derives from anxiety, inner conflict or inner compulsions.
2. When the behaviour causes anxiety in the individual and/or the sex partner
3. When the behaviour does not provide gratification to the individual and/or sex
partner, while alternative possibilities for gratification exist.
4. When the persons general psychological functioning is seriously impaired.
(More toward the victim)
5. When the behaviour injures upsets or humiliates the sex partner.
6. When the behaviour involves coercion, force or the manipulation of the sex
partner.
7. When the sex partner cannot consent to having sex due to intellectual and/or
psychological limitations. (IQ under 75)
DEFINITIONS AND STATISTICS
Sexual Assault: Term for any one of various behaviors that involve a sexual
attack on the body of another person.
o It has replaced the term rape in many criminal statutes.
o Attacks or attempted attacks generally involving unwanted sexual contact
between a victim and offender.
o It may or may not involve force and includes grabbing or fondling.
o It may also include verbal threats.
1
,KRM 310 Chapter 7
Erin Polyblank
Rape: The penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any
body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person,
without the consent of the victim.
o This definition allows for both male and females to be raped.
The new definition of rape further includes instances in which the victim is
incapable of giving consent because of temporary or permanent mental or
physical incapacity, including due to the influence of drugs or alcohol.
o Thus, force is presumed, even if the individual does not resist.
Sexual assaults that do not qualify as rape are listed as Part II offenses for
which only arrest information is gathered.
Sodomy: Nonconsensual oral or anal sexual intercourse with another.
o Also includes instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent
because of age or because of temporary or permanent mental or physical
incapacity.
Incest: The nonforcible sexual interaction between persons who are related
to one another within degrees where marriage is prohibited by law.
Type of rape:
o Forcible rape.
o Statutory rape.
o Marital rape.
o Date rape.
Acquaintance rape.
Stranger rape
o Rape by fraud
2
, KRM 310 Chapter 7
Erin Polyblank
Statutory rape: Rape for which the age of the victim is the crucial
distinction, on the premise that a victim below a certain age (usually 16)
cannot validly consent to sexual intercourse with an adult.
o Those who advocate the retention of statutory rape laws believe that if
states actively enforced them, predatory adults would be inclined not to
prey on adolescents, and teenage pregnancy would begin to drop.
Rape by fraud: The act of having sexual relations with a supposedly
consenting adult under fraudulent conditions, such as when a physician or
psychotherapist has sexual intercourse with a patient under the guise of
“effective treatment.’
Marital rape: Sexual assault in which the perpetrator and victim are
married.
Rape by fraud and marital rape are both counted as rape in the SRS of the
UCR.
SEXUAL ASSULT IN DATE AND AQUAINTANCE
RELATIONSHIPS
Date rape: A sexual assault that occurs within the context of a dating
relationship.
Acquaintance rape: Sexual assaults in which the victim knows the
assailant.
o The perpetrator could be a relative, neighbor, friend, or classmate.
THE CAMPUS CLIMATE SURVEY VALIDATION STUDY
Campus Climate Survey Validation Study (CCSVS): Survey of sexual
victimization at nine U.S. colleges.
The CCSVS divided sexual victimization into three categories:
1. Sexual battery: Any unwanted and nonconsensual sexual contact that
involved forced touching of a sexual nature not involving penetration. (Eg.
Forces kissing)
2. Rape: Any unwanted and nonconsensual sexual contact that involves a
penetrative act, including oral sex, anal sex, sexual intercourse, or sexual
penetration with an object or finger.
3
Erin Polyblank
CHAPTER 7: SEXUAL ASSUALT
There is no single profile that encompasses even a majority of sex offenders.
o Research shows that they differ in personal attributes such as age,
background, personality, race, religion, beliefs, attitudes, and interpersonal
skills.
o The features of their crimes also differ markedly among offenders,
including time and place, the gender and age of the victim, the degree of
planning the offense, and the amount of violence used or intended.
Sex offending has traditionally been viewed as a male undertaking, it is clear
that female sex offending, though less prevalent, is not unusual.
CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING ABNORMAL SEXUAL
BEHAVIOUR (NB)
1. When the behaviour derives from anxiety, inner conflict or inner compulsions.
2. When the behaviour causes anxiety in the individual and/or the sex partner
3. When the behaviour does not provide gratification to the individual and/or sex
partner, while alternative possibilities for gratification exist.
4. When the persons general psychological functioning is seriously impaired.
(More toward the victim)
5. When the behaviour injures upsets or humiliates the sex partner.
6. When the behaviour involves coercion, force or the manipulation of the sex
partner.
7. When the sex partner cannot consent to having sex due to intellectual and/or
psychological limitations. (IQ under 75)
DEFINITIONS AND STATISTICS
Sexual Assault: Term for any one of various behaviors that involve a sexual
attack on the body of another person.
o It has replaced the term rape in many criminal statutes.
o Attacks or attempted attacks generally involving unwanted sexual contact
between a victim and offender.
o It may or may not involve force and includes grabbing or fondling.
o It may also include verbal threats.
1
,KRM 310 Chapter 7
Erin Polyblank
Rape: The penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any
body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person,
without the consent of the victim.
o This definition allows for both male and females to be raped.
The new definition of rape further includes instances in which the victim is
incapable of giving consent because of temporary or permanent mental or
physical incapacity, including due to the influence of drugs or alcohol.
o Thus, force is presumed, even if the individual does not resist.
Sexual assaults that do not qualify as rape are listed as Part II offenses for
which only arrest information is gathered.
Sodomy: Nonconsensual oral or anal sexual intercourse with another.
o Also includes instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent
because of age or because of temporary or permanent mental or physical
incapacity.
Incest: The nonforcible sexual interaction between persons who are related
to one another within degrees where marriage is prohibited by law.
Type of rape:
o Forcible rape.
o Statutory rape.
o Marital rape.
o Date rape.
Acquaintance rape.
Stranger rape
o Rape by fraud
2
, KRM 310 Chapter 7
Erin Polyblank
Statutory rape: Rape for which the age of the victim is the crucial
distinction, on the premise that a victim below a certain age (usually 16)
cannot validly consent to sexual intercourse with an adult.
o Those who advocate the retention of statutory rape laws believe that if
states actively enforced them, predatory adults would be inclined not to
prey on adolescents, and teenage pregnancy would begin to drop.
Rape by fraud: The act of having sexual relations with a supposedly
consenting adult under fraudulent conditions, such as when a physician or
psychotherapist has sexual intercourse with a patient under the guise of
“effective treatment.’
Marital rape: Sexual assault in which the perpetrator and victim are
married.
Rape by fraud and marital rape are both counted as rape in the SRS of the
UCR.
SEXUAL ASSULT IN DATE AND AQUAINTANCE
RELATIONSHIPS
Date rape: A sexual assault that occurs within the context of a dating
relationship.
Acquaintance rape: Sexual assaults in which the victim knows the
assailant.
o The perpetrator could be a relative, neighbor, friend, or classmate.
THE CAMPUS CLIMATE SURVEY VALIDATION STUDY
Campus Climate Survey Validation Study (CCSVS): Survey of sexual
victimization at nine U.S. colleges.
The CCSVS divided sexual victimization into three categories:
1. Sexual battery: Any unwanted and nonconsensual sexual contact that
involved forced touching of a sexual nature not involving penetration. (Eg.
Forces kissing)
2. Rape: Any unwanted and nonconsensual sexual contact that involves a
penetrative act, including oral sex, anal sex, sexual intercourse, or sexual
penetration with an object or finger.
3
