Bio 1693 Midterm 2 Lymphatic system,
reparatory system, digestive system,
and metabolism Question and answers
100% correct 2025
Basic processes performed by the digestive system - correct answer
✔Ingestion, mixing propulsion, secretion, digestion, absorption, defecation
Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - correct answer ✔BMR is the rate at
which the quiet, resting, fasting body breaks down nutrients to create energy.
Also a measure of how much thyroxine the thyroid gland is producing
Define gluconeogenesis - correct answer ✔Formation of glucose from non -
carbohydrate sources like protein and fat. gluconeogenesis is stimulated by
cortisol, thyroid hormone, epinephrine, glucagon, and human growth hormone
Define glycogenesis - correct answer ✔The synthesis of glycogen from
glucose to be stored in liver and skeletal muscle cells. stimulated by insulin
Define Glycogenolysis - correct answer ✔The process of converting
glycogen back to glucose. This happens during meals and is stimulated by
glucagon and epinephrine
Describe chylomicrons - correct answer ✔-largest & lightest of the four
-transport dietary lipids to adipose tissue to be used by muscle cells for ATP
production
, Describe fatty acid catabolism - correct answer ✔-2 carbons at a time are
removed from a fatty acid chain and paired with coenzyme A to produce
acetyl coenzyme A
-The acetyl coenzyme a group can then enter the Krebs Cycle
-one 16-carbon chain fatty acid molecule can yield up to 129 ATPs
Describe glycerol metabolism - correct answer ✔-glycerol is converted to
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
-If the ATP supply in a cell is high glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to
glucose
-if the ATP supply is low glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is catabolized to pyruvic
acid and enters the catabolic pathway
Describe glycolysis - correct answer ✔-The first stage of cellular respiration
which occurs in the cytosol.
-the 6-carbon glucose molecule is split into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid
molecules
-hydrogen is added to coenzyme NAD to create NADH+H^+
for every two pyruvic acid molecules two ATPs are produced. This reaction
does not require oxygen.
Describe HDLs - correct answer ✔HDLs remove excess cholesterol from the
body and deliver it to the liver for removal
known as "good cholesterol"
Describe LDLs - correct answer ✔-LDLs carry about 75% of blood
cholesterol and transport it throughout the body
-When there is excessive cholesterol LDLs deposit it onto the smooth muscle
of blood vessels
"bad cholesterol"
reparatory system, digestive system,
and metabolism Question and answers
100% correct 2025
Basic processes performed by the digestive system - correct answer
✔Ingestion, mixing propulsion, secretion, digestion, absorption, defecation
Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - correct answer ✔BMR is the rate at
which the quiet, resting, fasting body breaks down nutrients to create energy.
Also a measure of how much thyroxine the thyroid gland is producing
Define gluconeogenesis - correct answer ✔Formation of glucose from non -
carbohydrate sources like protein and fat. gluconeogenesis is stimulated by
cortisol, thyroid hormone, epinephrine, glucagon, and human growth hormone
Define glycogenesis - correct answer ✔The synthesis of glycogen from
glucose to be stored in liver and skeletal muscle cells. stimulated by insulin
Define Glycogenolysis - correct answer ✔The process of converting
glycogen back to glucose. This happens during meals and is stimulated by
glucagon and epinephrine
Describe chylomicrons - correct answer ✔-largest & lightest of the four
-transport dietary lipids to adipose tissue to be used by muscle cells for ATP
production
, Describe fatty acid catabolism - correct answer ✔-2 carbons at a time are
removed from a fatty acid chain and paired with coenzyme A to produce
acetyl coenzyme A
-The acetyl coenzyme a group can then enter the Krebs Cycle
-one 16-carbon chain fatty acid molecule can yield up to 129 ATPs
Describe glycerol metabolism - correct answer ✔-glycerol is converted to
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
-If the ATP supply in a cell is high glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to
glucose
-if the ATP supply is low glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is catabolized to pyruvic
acid and enters the catabolic pathway
Describe glycolysis - correct answer ✔-The first stage of cellular respiration
which occurs in the cytosol.
-the 6-carbon glucose molecule is split into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid
molecules
-hydrogen is added to coenzyme NAD to create NADH+H^+
for every two pyruvic acid molecules two ATPs are produced. This reaction
does not require oxygen.
Describe HDLs - correct answer ✔HDLs remove excess cholesterol from the
body and deliver it to the liver for removal
known as "good cholesterol"
Describe LDLs - correct answer ✔-LDLs carry about 75% of blood
cholesterol and transport it throughout the body
-When there is excessive cholesterol LDLs deposit it onto the smooth muscle
of blood vessels
"bad cholesterol"
