N244 EXAM 1 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

N244 EXAM 1 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS


Steps to Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - ....ANSWER ...-1. Ask a well-

built clinical question (a PICO(t))

2. Search to find the research/evidence

3. Appraise the evidence

4. Integrate findings into your practice

5. Evaluate practice changes and patient outcomes

6. Disseminate findings




ASAIED

Apples So Aren't Into Eating Doctors


Components of a PICO(T) question - ....ANSWER ...--P: patient, problem,

or population

-I: intervention


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, -C: comparison or control

-O: outcome

-(T): time (this one is optional)


Evidence heirarchy and name the levels - ....ANSWER ...-puts types of

evidence on levels from most reliable to least reliable

1: systematic reviews, meta-analysis, or EBP guidelines

2: randomized controlled trials

3: controlled trials without randomization

4: cohort studies or case-control studies

5: evidence from systematic reviews of descriptive or qualitative studies

6: evidence from single descriptive or qualitative studies

7: evidence from the opinion of Authorities and/or reports of Expert Committees




*note that it is not always necessary to have evidence from the top of the hierarchy

because not all PICO questions can be answered with systematic reviews which is

level 1


Intervention/therapy PICO question - ....ANSWER ...-aims to ask if one

intervention is better than another


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