,TableofContent
Chapter01: CellularBiology ........................................................................................................................................ 4
l
Chapter02: Genesand Genetic Diseases...................................................................................................................... 13
l l jk
Chapter03: EpigeneticsandDisease ............................................................................................................................ 23
l
USNT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Chapter04: Altered Cellularand TissueBiology........................................................................................................... 27
l l l jk
Huether&McCance:Understanding Pathophysiology,6th Edition ............................................................................... 39
l l
Chapter06: InnateImmunity:InflammationandWound Healing Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6
l jk l l l l jk
th Edition .................................................................................................................................................................. 48
l
Chapter07: AdaptiveImmunity .................................................................................................................................. 60
l jk
Chapter08: Infection and DefectsinMechanismsofDefenseHuether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology, 6th
l l l jk l l lj k
Edition ..................................................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................. 74
Chapter09: Stressand Disease .................................................................................................................................... 76
l l
Chapter10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment ofCancerHuether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysi ol
l l l l l l l j k
ogy,6th Edition ......................................................................................................................................................... 81
l
Chapter11: CancerEpidemiology .............................................................................................................................. 87
l
Chapter12: CancerinChildren.................................................................................................................................... 91
l l
Chapter13: Structureand Function oftheNeurologicSystem Huether&McCance:Understanding Pathophysiology,6th E
l jk l l jk l l jk
dition........................................................................................................................................................................ 94
Chapter14: Pain,Temperature,Sleep,and SensoryFunction Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,6th E
l l l l l lj k
dition...................................................................................................................................................................... 105
Chapter15: AlterationsinCognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and MotorFunction ........................................ 116
l l jk l l
Chapter16: DisordersoftheCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systemsand theNeuromuscularJunction ........................... 126
l l l l l l
Chapter17: AlterationsofNeurologic Function in Children Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology, 6th E
l jk ljk l l jk l jk l jk
dition...................................................................................................................................................................... 138
Chapter18: MechanismsofHormonal Regulation ...................................................................................................... 147
l l
Chapter19: AlterationsofHormonal Regulation ........................................................................................................ 156
l l
Chapter20: Structureand Function oftheHematologicSystem Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology,6t h
l jk l l jk l l jk l
Edition ................................................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapter21: AlterationsofHematologic Function ....................................................................................................... 176
l jk
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 177
Chapter22: AlterationsofHematologicFunction in Children Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th
l jk jk l l l l ljk lj
Edition .................................................................................................................................................................. 192
k
Chapter23: Structureand Function oftheCardiovascularand LymphaticSystems Huether&McCance:Understanding P a
l jk l l jk l l l jk
thophysiology, 6th Edition ....................................................................................................................................... 200
l l
Chapter24: AlterationsofCardiovascularFunction .................................................................................................... 210
l
USNT O ................................................................................................................................................................ 210
SINGTB.COM........................................................................................................................................................... 223
USNT O ................................................................................................................................................................ 226
USNT O ................................................................................................................................................................ 228
Chapter25: AlterationsofCardiovascularFunction in Children Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6
l ljk l l jk l l l jk
th Edition ................................................................................................................................................................ 229
l
SNT O ...................................................................................................................................................................... 232
j k
Chapter26: Structureand Function ofthePulmonarySystem Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology, 6th
l jk l l jk l l l lj k
Edition ................................................................................................................................................................... 236
Chapter27: AlterationsofPulmonaryFunction .......................................................................................................... 245
l
, Chapter28: AlterationsofPulmonaryFunction in Children Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th E
l ljk l l jk l l l l jk
dition...................................................................................................................................................................... 257
Chapter29: Structureand Function oftheRenal and UrologicSystemsHuether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiol o
l jk l l jk l l l jk
gy, 6thEdition ......................................................................................................................................................... 265
l
Chapter30: AlterationsofRenal and UrinaryTractFunctionHuether&McCance:Understanding Pathophysiology,6th Ed
l l l jk l jk
ition........................................................................................................................................................................ 273
Chapter31: AlterationsofRenal and UrinaryTractFunctionin Children Huether&McCance:Understanding Pathophysi o
l l l jk l l l jk
logy,6th Edition ...................................................................................................................................................... 280
l
Chapter32: Structureand Function oftheReproductiveSystemsHuether&McCance:Understanding Pathophysiology, 6t
l jk l l jk l jk
h Edition ................................................................................................................................................................. 286
l
Chapter33: AlterationsoftheFemaleReproductiveSystem Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,6th E d
l jk l l l jk l jk
ition........................................................................................................................................................................ 295
Chapter34: AlterationsoftheMale ReproductiveSystem........................................................................................... 300
l jk
Chapter35: Structureand Function oftheDigestiveSystem Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology, 6th E d
l jk l l jk l l l l jk
ition........................................................................................................................................................................ 305
Chapter36: AlterationsofDigestive Function ............................................................................................................ 312
l jk
Chapter37: AlterationsofDigestiveFunction in Children........................................................................................... 325
l jk ljk l
Chapter38: Structureand Function oftheMusculoskeletalSystem Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiolog y,
l jk l l jk l l jk
6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 334
l
USNT O ................................................................................................................................................................ 337
Chapter39: AlterationsofMusculoskeletal Function .................................................................................................. 342
l l
Chapter40: AlterationsofMusculoskeletal Function in Children Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology,
l ljk ljk l l jk l l
6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................ 352
j k l
USNT O ................................................................................................................................................................ 354
Chapter41: Structure,Function, andDisordersoftheIntegument Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology,
l l jk l l lj k
6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 357
l
Chapter42: AlterationsoftheIntegument in Children .................................................................................................. 366
l l l
, Chapter01:Cellular Biology jk
Huether&McCance:UnderstandingPathophysiology,6thEdition l
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Astudentis observinga cellunderthe microscope. It isobservedto havesupercoiledDNAwith hi
l l jk ljk jk ljk l ljk l ljk jk
stones.Whichof the following would alsobeobserved bythestudent? l ljk jk ljk jk jk
a. Asinglecircularchromosome
b. Anucleus
c. Free-floatingnuclearmaterial l jk
d. No organelles l
ANS: B lj k
Thecelldescribed isaeukaryotic cell,so it hashistonesand a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; th
l jk jk jk lj k jk l lj k lj k lj k jk jk j
us,the nucleus should be observed.Asinglecircularchromosomecalledaprokaryotecontains free
k l l l l jk l ljk
-floating nuclear materialb ut has no organelles. ljk l jk ljk l
REF:p.2
2. Anurse is instructingthe staffaboutcellular functions. Whichcellularfunction isthe nursedescrib i
l jk l ljk l jk jk l jk ljk jk jk
ngw hen an isolatedcellabsorbsoxygenand uses it totransform nutrients toe nergy?
l l l jk l jk ljk l ljk jk l
a. Metabolicabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D l
Thece l’sabilitytoabsorboxygen isreferred toasrespirationwhile itscommunicationabilityinvolves ma
jk ljk ljk l l jk l ljk
intenanceofasteadydynamic state, metabolic absorptionprovides nutrition,and secretionallows forthe
jk jk ljk l l ljk ljk l jk
s ynthesizing of newsubstances.
jk l ljk
REF:p.2 jk
3. Aeukaryoticcell is undergoingDNAreplication.In whichregionof the cellwould most of the ge ljk jk l l ljk l l ljk l l ljk l ljk ljk
n eticinformationbecontained?
jk l
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusCytoplasm
ANS: C l
Theregionofthe cell thatcontains genetic material, includinga largeamountof ribonucleicacid, m
l l l ljk l ljk jk ljk l ljk l ljk jk
o st oftheDNA,and DNA-
jk l l ljk
bindingproteins, is the nucleolus,which is locatedwithinthe cell’s nucleus.Mitochondria isassoc
l jk l ljk ljk jk l ljk ljk jk l
i atedwithcellular respiration, whileribosomes are involved withprotein manufacturing.Cytoplas
jk l jk jk jk jk jk l lj k
mis afluid filling that is a componento fthe cell.
jk l l jk ljk ljk l l jk l l
REF:p.2 jk
Chapter01: CellularBiology ........................................................................................................................................ 4
l
Chapter02: Genesand Genetic Diseases...................................................................................................................... 13
l l jk
Chapter03: EpigeneticsandDisease ............................................................................................................................ 23
l
USNT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Chapter04: Altered Cellularand TissueBiology........................................................................................................... 27
l l l jk
Huether&McCance:Understanding Pathophysiology,6th Edition ............................................................................... 39
l l
Chapter06: InnateImmunity:InflammationandWound Healing Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6
l jk l l l l jk
th Edition .................................................................................................................................................................. 48
l
Chapter07: AdaptiveImmunity .................................................................................................................................. 60
l jk
Chapter08: Infection and DefectsinMechanismsofDefenseHuether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology, 6th
l l l jk l l lj k
Edition ..................................................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................. 74
Chapter09: Stressand Disease .................................................................................................................................... 76
l l
Chapter10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment ofCancerHuether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysi ol
l l l l l l l j k
ogy,6th Edition ......................................................................................................................................................... 81
l
Chapter11: CancerEpidemiology .............................................................................................................................. 87
l
Chapter12: CancerinChildren.................................................................................................................................... 91
l l
Chapter13: Structureand Function oftheNeurologicSystem Huether&McCance:Understanding Pathophysiology,6th E
l jk l l jk l l jk
dition........................................................................................................................................................................ 94
Chapter14: Pain,Temperature,Sleep,and SensoryFunction Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,6th E
l l l l l lj k
dition...................................................................................................................................................................... 105
Chapter15: AlterationsinCognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and MotorFunction ........................................ 116
l l jk l l
Chapter16: DisordersoftheCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systemsand theNeuromuscularJunction ........................... 126
l l l l l l
Chapter17: AlterationsofNeurologic Function in Children Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology, 6th E
l jk ljk l l jk l jk l jk
dition...................................................................................................................................................................... 138
Chapter18: MechanismsofHormonal Regulation ...................................................................................................... 147
l l
Chapter19: AlterationsofHormonal Regulation ........................................................................................................ 156
l l
Chapter20: Structureand Function oftheHematologicSystem Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology,6t h
l jk l l jk l l jk l
Edition ................................................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapter21: AlterationsofHematologic Function ....................................................................................................... 176
l jk
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 177
Chapter22: AlterationsofHematologicFunction in Children Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th
l jk jk l l l l ljk lj
Edition .................................................................................................................................................................. 192
k
Chapter23: Structureand Function oftheCardiovascularand LymphaticSystems Huether&McCance:Understanding P a
l jk l l jk l l l jk
thophysiology, 6th Edition ....................................................................................................................................... 200
l l
Chapter24: AlterationsofCardiovascularFunction .................................................................................................... 210
l
USNT O ................................................................................................................................................................ 210
SINGTB.COM........................................................................................................................................................... 223
USNT O ................................................................................................................................................................ 226
USNT O ................................................................................................................................................................ 228
Chapter25: AlterationsofCardiovascularFunction in Children Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6
l ljk l l jk l l l jk
th Edition ................................................................................................................................................................ 229
l
SNT O ...................................................................................................................................................................... 232
j k
Chapter26: Structureand Function ofthePulmonarySystem Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology, 6th
l jk l l jk l l l lj k
Edition ................................................................................................................................................................... 236
Chapter27: AlterationsofPulmonaryFunction .......................................................................................................... 245
l
, Chapter28: AlterationsofPulmonaryFunction in Children Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th E
l ljk l l jk l l l l jk
dition...................................................................................................................................................................... 257
Chapter29: Structureand Function oftheRenal and UrologicSystemsHuether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiol o
l jk l l jk l l l jk
gy, 6thEdition ......................................................................................................................................................... 265
l
Chapter30: AlterationsofRenal and UrinaryTractFunctionHuether&McCance:Understanding Pathophysiology,6th Ed
l l l jk l jk
ition........................................................................................................................................................................ 273
Chapter31: AlterationsofRenal and UrinaryTractFunctionin Children Huether&McCance:Understanding Pathophysi o
l l l jk l l l jk
logy,6th Edition ...................................................................................................................................................... 280
l
Chapter32: Structureand Function oftheReproductiveSystemsHuether&McCance:Understanding Pathophysiology, 6t
l jk l l jk l jk
h Edition ................................................................................................................................................................. 286
l
Chapter33: AlterationsoftheFemaleReproductiveSystem Huether&McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,6th E d
l jk l l l jk l jk
ition........................................................................................................................................................................ 295
Chapter34: AlterationsoftheMale ReproductiveSystem........................................................................................... 300
l jk
Chapter35: Structureand Function oftheDigestiveSystem Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology, 6th E d
l jk l l jk l l l l jk
ition........................................................................................................................................................................ 305
Chapter36: AlterationsofDigestive Function ............................................................................................................ 312
l jk
Chapter37: AlterationsofDigestiveFunction in Children........................................................................................... 325
l jk ljk l
Chapter38: Structureand Function oftheMusculoskeletalSystem Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiolog y,
l jk l l jk l l jk
6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 334
l
USNT O ................................................................................................................................................................ 337
Chapter39: AlterationsofMusculoskeletal Function .................................................................................................. 342
l l
Chapter40: AlterationsofMusculoskeletal Function in Children Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology,
l ljk ljk l l jk l l
6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................ 352
j k l
USNT O ................................................................................................................................................................ 354
Chapter41: Structure,Function, andDisordersoftheIntegument Huether&McCance: UnderstandingPathophysiology,
l l jk l l lj k
6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 357
l
Chapter42: AlterationsoftheIntegument in Children .................................................................................................. 366
l l l
, Chapter01:Cellular Biology jk
Huether&McCance:UnderstandingPathophysiology,6thEdition l
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Astudentis observinga cellunderthe microscope. It isobservedto havesupercoiledDNAwith hi
l l jk ljk jk ljk l ljk l ljk jk
stones.Whichof the following would alsobeobserved bythestudent? l ljk jk ljk jk jk
a. Asinglecircularchromosome
b. Anucleus
c. Free-floatingnuclearmaterial l jk
d. No organelles l
ANS: B lj k
Thecelldescribed isaeukaryotic cell,so it hashistonesand a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; th
l jk jk jk lj k jk l lj k lj k lj k jk jk j
us,the nucleus should be observed.Asinglecircularchromosomecalledaprokaryotecontains free
k l l l l jk l ljk
-floating nuclear materialb ut has no organelles. ljk l jk ljk l
REF:p.2
2. Anurse is instructingthe staffaboutcellular functions. Whichcellularfunction isthe nursedescrib i
l jk l ljk l jk jk l jk ljk jk jk
ngw hen an isolatedcellabsorbsoxygenand uses it totransform nutrients toe nergy?
l l l jk l jk ljk l ljk jk l
a. Metabolicabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D l
Thece l’sabilitytoabsorboxygen isreferred toasrespirationwhile itscommunicationabilityinvolves ma
jk ljk ljk l l jk l ljk
intenanceofasteadydynamic state, metabolic absorptionprovides nutrition,and secretionallows forthe
jk jk ljk l l ljk ljk l jk
s ynthesizing of newsubstances.
jk l ljk
REF:p.2 jk
3. Aeukaryoticcell is undergoingDNAreplication.In whichregionof the cellwould most of the ge ljk jk l l ljk l l ljk l l ljk l ljk ljk
n eticinformationbecontained?
jk l
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusCytoplasm
ANS: C l
Theregionofthe cell thatcontains genetic material, includinga largeamountof ribonucleicacid, m
l l l ljk l ljk jk ljk l ljk l ljk jk
o st oftheDNA,and DNA-
jk l l ljk
bindingproteins, is the nucleolus,which is locatedwithinthe cell’s nucleus.Mitochondria isassoc
l jk l ljk ljk jk l ljk ljk jk l
i atedwithcellular respiration, whileribosomes are involved withprotein manufacturing.Cytoplas
jk l jk jk jk jk jk l lj k
mis afluid filling that is a componento fthe cell.
jk l l jk ljk ljk l l jk l l
REF:p.2 jk
