GRCC FORBES BI 122 EXAM 2
(COMBINE WITH QUIZ) EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Types of Immunity - ANS Naturally acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
Naturally Acquired Active Immunity - ANS Long term resistance to pathogens due to initial
natural exposure, e.g. mumps, measles, chicken pox. Result of action of Memory T and B cells.
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity - ANS Short term immunity (month - 1 year) provided
to fetus via transfer of maternal antibodies in utero of in colostrum.
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,artificially acquired active immunity - ANS Long term resistance to pathogen due to artificial
exposure, such as vaccines
artificially acquired passive immunity - ANS Short term (sev weeks) immunity due to infused
antibodies (gammaglobulin).
Vaccine efficacy - ANS Vaccines are engineered to have 80-90% efficacy.
Herd (community) immunity - ANS Vaccination of a significant portion of a population
provides protection for those not vaccinated due to interruption of disease transmission
between susceptible hosts.
Path Note - HIV - ANS HIV reproduces in Helper-T cells resulting in their death and
compromise of immune system
Antibody Actions - ANS Attachment and Complement
Antibody actions - Attachment - ANS Attachment - Attach to antigen causing...
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, A - Agglutination (then phagocyzed) (blood antibodies
B - Precipitation (then phagocyzed)
C - Neutralization - Toxic portions of antigen molecule covered therefore neutralized.
Antibody Actions - Complement - ANS Complement - group of proteins in plasma and fluids
that are activated by antibodies that have docked wiht antigens.
F: Destroy pathogens
Actions of Complement Proteins - ANS A - attract phagocytes
B - Agglutantion
C - Rupturing (lysis) membranes e.g. defensins
D - Inactivate viruses e.g. interferons
E - Coat antibody-antigen complex, therefore increasing phagocytosis efficiency e.g. collectins
F - inflammation
Path Note - Newborns - ANS Newborns receive antibodies from the mother via the placenta
and additional antibodies from breast-secreted colostrum.
3 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
(COMBINE WITH QUIZ) EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Types of Immunity - ANS Naturally acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
Naturally Acquired Active Immunity - ANS Long term resistance to pathogens due to initial
natural exposure, e.g. mumps, measles, chicken pox. Result of action of Memory T and B cells.
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity - ANS Short term immunity (month - 1 year) provided
to fetus via transfer of maternal antibodies in utero of in colostrum.
1 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
,artificially acquired active immunity - ANS Long term resistance to pathogen due to artificial
exposure, such as vaccines
artificially acquired passive immunity - ANS Short term (sev weeks) immunity due to infused
antibodies (gammaglobulin).
Vaccine efficacy - ANS Vaccines are engineered to have 80-90% efficacy.
Herd (community) immunity - ANS Vaccination of a significant portion of a population
provides protection for those not vaccinated due to interruption of disease transmission
between susceptible hosts.
Path Note - HIV - ANS HIV reproduces in Helper-T cells resulting in their death and
compromise of immune system
Antibody Actions - ANS Attachment and Complement
Antibody actions - Attachment - ANS Attachment - Attach to antigen causing...
2 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, A - Agglutination (then phagocyzed) (blood antibodies
B - Precipitation (then phagocyzed)
C - Neutralization - Toxic portions of antigen molecule covered therefore neutralized.
Antibody Actions - Complement - ANS Complement - group of proteins in plasma and fluids
that are activated by antibodies that have docked wiht antigens.
F: Destroy pathogens
Actions of Complement Proteins - ANS A - attract phagocytes
B - Agglutantion
C - Rupturing (lysis) membranes e.g. defensins
D - Inactivate viruses e.g. interferons
E - Coat antibody-antigen complex, therefore increasing phagocytosis efficiency e.g. collectins
F - inflammation
Path Note - Newborns - ANS Newborns receive antibodies from the mother via the placenta
and additional antibodies from breast-secreted colostrum.
3 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
