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Physiology - cartilage, ligaments and tendons

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Physiology course notes on the cartilage, ligaments and tendons in the body.

Institution
University Of Cape Town (UCT)
Course
HUB1019F









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Institution
University of Cape Town (UCT)
Course
HUB1019F
All documents for this subject (24)

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Uploaded on
July 11, 2025
Number of pages
14
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Class notes
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Subjects

  • physiology cartilage ligaments and tendons

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – HUB1019F

Cartilage, ligaments & tendons



Muscle tissue Connective tissue




4 TYPES OF TISSUES
Nervous tissue Epithelial tissue

a


CONNECTIVE TISSUE:

A diverse tissue type that supports, binds & protects body structures



General characteristics:

o Abundant extracellular matrix (ECM)
o Composed of cells, fibres & ground substance
o Varied vascularity
o Eg: cartilage → avascular
o Bone → highly vascularized


Immune defence
Structural support



FUNCTIONS
Energy storage in
Protection & cushioning
adipose tissue

1
Transportation of blood

, Cellular components of connective tissue:


ADIPOCYTES FIBROBLASTS

• Fat storage & • ECM synthesis
insulation
on a
RESIDENT CELLS

CHONDROCYTES

OSTEOCYTES • Cartilage producing
cells
• Mature bone cells
onto




NEUTROPHILS

• Perform
phagocytosis
EOSINOPHILS

• Attack parasites o

4
MACROPHAGES

• Phagocytosis
on TRANSIENT CELLS
• Immune defence
(immune cells)



PLASMA CELLS MAST CELLS or
• Produce • Secrete histamine
antibodies – inflammation



FIBROBLASTS
Resident cell – permanently present in tissue
Synthesise ECM – collagen, elastin,
Function
ground substance
Spindle shaped
Characteristics
Abundant
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