Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Problems 2025
[263]QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ PROFESSOR VERIFIED
1. A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe
of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to ___________
of the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia: C
2. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being able to
do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes associated with
aging include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity: B, C, E
,3. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic
for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will
examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells: A
4. The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter
has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have
been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests
should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel: B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney
function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in
the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you need first to
address the most life-threatening patient needs. The little girl in this question can
go into shock or suffer permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
5. A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of
dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes: B
, Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection 6.
Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple
systems, the most important changes are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular: C
7. Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or flight
response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates: D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture
powerpoint
8. Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function: B
You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth hormone
levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-stimulating hormone as one
of the ones associated with the stress repsonse so you can pretty much assume
that's not right. And we know adrenal function is not depressed because ACTH
from the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
9. Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an individual's
ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.)
A. Ethnicity
[263]QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ PROFESSOR VERIFIED
1. A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe
of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to ___________
of the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia: C
2. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being able to
do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes associated with
aging include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity: B, C, E
,3. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic
for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will
examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells: A
4. The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter
has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have
been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests
should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel: B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney
function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in
the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you need first to
address the most life-threatening patient needs. The little girl in this question can
go into shock or suffer permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
5. A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of
dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes: B
, Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection 6.
Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple
systems, the most important changes are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular: C
7. Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or flight
response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates: D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture
powerpoint
8. Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function: B
You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth hormone
levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-stimulating hormone as one
of the ones associated with the stress repsonse so you can pretty much assume
that's not right. And we know adrenal function is not depressed because ACTH
from the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
9. Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an individual's
ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.)
A. Ethnicity
