PORTAGE BIOD 210 GENETICS MODULE 1-7
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2025
MODULE 1
Epigenesis - ANSWER-Concept correctly hypothesized that a fertilized human egg
undergoes specific developmental events that eventually lead to the formation of
a human
Preformation - ANSWER-Concept that a fertilized egg contains a tiny version of a
completely developed adult (homunculus)
Who introduced cell theory? - ANSWER-Mathias Schledein and Theodor Schwann
What did Mathias Schledein and Theodor Schwann propose? - ANSWER-That all
living organisms were composed of organized structures called cells and that
these cells were derived from identical precursor cells
Spontaneous generation - ANSWER-Living things could spontaneously generate
from nonliving components
What book did Charles Darwin publish that postulated his theory of natural
selection? - ANSWER-The Origin of Species
Who theorized natural selection? - ANSWER-Charles Darwin
,Who used pea plants to model how traits are inherited from generation to
generation? - ANSWER-Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian Monk
What does Gregor Mendel's experiment explain? - ANSWER-The basic
foundations of trait transmission in modern genetics, so he is considered a
forefront name in genetics.
What is an example of a mutation that became "normal"? - ANSWER-The gene
that allows us to digest lactose
What defines genetics? - ANSWER-The study of heredity
What does genetics focus on primarily? - ANSWER-The understanding of genes
and how they contribute to the passing of traits
What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance? (1910s) - ANSWER-It showed
that both heredity and development depended on the passing of genetic
information via genes that were contained within chromosomes
What birthed today's genetics? - ANSWER-The merge of Mendel's genetics
teachings with the theory of inheritance
What is. found in the nucleus of a cell and holds the information for almost all
living organisms - ANSWER-Chromosomes
,Each organism carries a specific number of chromosomes called the? - ANSWER-
Diploid number (2n)
Chromosomes exist within cells in pairs called? - ANSWER-Homologous
chromosomes
Genetic mutations result in? - ANSWER-Different alleles
Normal in genetic terms is the gene that occurs most often in a population, this
gene is the? - ANSWER-Wild-type allele
Phenotype - ANSWER-Observable feature produced by a gene
Genotype - ANSWER-Set of alleles that are carried by an organism that produce a
certain trait
What are the four different nucleotides which have different nitrogenous bases? -
ANSWER-Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C)
How do bacterial restriction enzymes function? - ANSWER-By cutting and
inactivating the DNA of invasive viruses
What is biotechnology? - ANSWER-Using genetics to make products (genetically
modified crops resist pests and herbicides to enhance nutrition)A
What does transgenic mean? - ANSWER-Advantageous heritable traits have been
introduced using recombinant DNA technology
, What was the first biologic product ever produced from a transgenic animal? -
ANSWER-ATryn (isolated from the milk of genetically engineered goats) (can
prevent blood clots in peoples who have a rare blood disorder that involved a lack
of sufficient antithrombin)
What were the first model organisms? - ANSWER-Mice and fruit flies
MODULE 2
Gametes
sex cells (sperm and egg)
Karyotype
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
Process for karyotyping:
- Isolate WBCs
- Stain WBCs
- Photograph under microscope
- Cut to organize chromosomes by size
Cytogeneticist:
a scientist who studies chromosomes under the microscope
BRCA1 gene
- susceptibility gene for type 1 breast cancer
- tumor suppressor gene that is produced in normal breast tissue and responsible
for DNA repair.
BRCA1 mutation
- Genetic mutation within the protein that inhibits DNA repair, increasing breast
and ovarian cancer risk to 80% over lifetime
Protein functions:
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2025
MODULE 1
Epigenesis - ANSWER-Concept correctly hypothesized that a fertilized human egg
undergoes specific developmental events that eventually lead to the formation of
a human
Preformation - ANSWER-Concept that a fertilized egg contains a tiny version of a
completely developed adult (homunculus)
Who introduced cell theory? - ANSWER-Mathias Schledein and Theodor Schwann
What did Mathias Schledein and Theodor Schwann propose? - ANSWER-That all
living organisms were composed of organized structures called cells and that
these cells were derived from identical precursor cells
Spontaneous generation - ANSWER-Living things could spontaneously generate
from nonliving components
What book did Charles Darwin publish that postulated his theory of natural
selection? - ANSWER-The Origin of Species
Who theorized natural selection? - ANSWER-Charles Darwin
,Who used pea plants to model how traits are inherited from generation to
generation? - ANSWER-Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian Monk
What does Gregor Mendel's experiment explain? - ANSWER-The basic
foundations of trait transmission in modern genetics, so he is considered a
forefront name in genetics.
What is an example of a mutation that became "normal"? - ANSWER-The gene
that allows us to digest lactose
What defines genetics? - ANSWER-The study of heredity
What does genetics focus on primarily? - ANSWER-The understanding of genes
and how they contribute to the passing of traits
What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance? (1910s) - ANSWER-It showed
that both heredity and development depended on the passing of genetic
information via genes that were contained within chromosomes
What birthed today's genetics? - ANSWER-The merge of Mendel's genetics
teachings with the theory of inheritance
What is. found in the nucleus of a cell and holds the information for almost all
living organisms - ANSWER-Chromosomes
,Each organism carries a specific number of chromosomes called the? - ANSWER-
Diploid number (2n)
Chromosomes exist within cells in pairs called? - ANSWER-Homologous
chromosomes
Genetic mutations result in? - ANSWER-Different alleles
Normal in genetic terms is the gene that occurs most often in a population, this
gene is the? - ANSWER-Wild-type allele
Phenotype - ANSWER-Observable feature produced by a gene
Genotype - ANSWER-Set of alleles that are carried by an organism that produce a
certain trait
What are the four different nucleotides which have different nitrogenous bases? -
ANSWER-Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C)
How do bacterial restriction enzymes function? - ANSWER-By cutting and
inactivating the DNA of invasive viruses
What is biotechnology? - ANSWER-Using genetics to make products (genetically
modified crops resist pests and herbicides to enhance nutrition)A
What does transgenic mean? - ANSWER-Advantageous heritable traits have been
introduced using recombinant DNA technology
, What was the first biologic product ever produced from a transgenic animal? -
ANSWER-ATryn (isolated from the milk of genetically engineered goats) (can
prevent blood clots in peoples who have a rare blood disorder that involved a lack
of sufficient antithrombin)
What were the first model organisms? - ANSWER-Mice and fruit flies
MODULE 2
Gametes
sex cells (sperm and egg)
Karyotype
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
Process for karyotyping:
- Isolate WBCs
- Stain WBCs
- Photograph under microscope
- Cut to organize chromosomes by size
Cytogeneticist:
a scientist who studies chromosomes under the microscope
BRCA1 gene
- susceptibility gene for type 1 breast cancer
- tumor suppressor gene that is produced in normal breast tissue and responsible
for DNA repair.
BRCA1 mutation
- Genetic mutation within the protein that inhibits DNA repair, increasing breast
and ovarian cancer risk to 80% over lifetime
Protein functions:
