Finall Exam:l NSGl 320/l NSG320l (NEWl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Adultl Healthl Nursingl
Il Completel Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l
Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
gerontological:l vision
Answer:
increasedl riskl ofl visionl loss
EYEl CHANGES
-eyel yellow,l grayl ring
-greyl eyebrowsl andl lashes
-entropionl orl ectropion:l eyel lidl rollsl inl orl outl
-eyel isl dryl bcl lessl tearl production
-eyel isl tearyl andl irritated
-decreasedl nightl vision
-blurredl vision
-pupill morel constrictedl
-pinguecula:l yellowl spot
-glare
CAUSES
-riskl ofl fall
-decreasedl independence
-sociall isolation
-lessl selfl esteem
-dexterityl lossl makesl itl harderl tol dol eyel drops
QUESTION
cataracts
Answer:
opacityl ofl lensl (cloudy,l decreasedl transparency)
PATHO
-metabolicl changesl causel accuml ofl fluidl inl eyel andl changel inl lensl fiberl structure
,-mcl relatedl tol age,l ppll wl diabetesl developl thisl atl youngerl age
*causedl byl traumal orl lightl exposurel
MANIFESTATIONS
-decreasedl vision:l gradual
>blindl isl lensl isl opaquel (willl lookl white)
-glare:l worsel atl nightl whenl pupill isl dilated
-abnormall colorl perceptions
-effectsl onel orl twol eyes,l ifl bothl onel mayl bel worsel thanl otherl
OAl ATl RISKl OF
-sociall devaluation
-changel inl selfl perception
-lossl ofl independence
-lackl ofl controll overl lifel
HEALTHl PROMOTION
-nol preventativel measures
-wearl sunglasses,l avoidl radiation
-vitl el andl c,l nutrition
NONl SURGICAL
thesel arel onlyl temporary
-changel inl prescriptionl glasses
-strongl readingl glasses
-goodl lighting
-changel inl lifestyle
QUESTION
surgery:l cataracts
Answer:
PREl OP
-testl visuall acuityl ofl otherl eyel tol determinel levell ofl visibilityl whenl recovering
-3l typesl ofl eyel drops:
>mydriatics:l pupill dilation
>cycloplegic:l mydriasisl andl paralysisl ofl accommodation
>NSAIDS:l inflammation
*cycloplegicsl andl mydriatics:l wearl sunglassesl tol preventl photophobial andl monitorl forl
s/sl ofl toxicityl (CNSl effects,l tachycardia)
INTRAl OP
1.l phacoemulsification:l makel anl incisionl andl breakl apartl thel cloudiness
2.l extracapsularl cataractl extractionl procedure:l whenl thel lensl isl tool dense.l makel al largerl
incisionl andl removel wholel lens
3.l IOL:l mostl ptl havel anl intral ocularl lensl implanted
,POSTl OP
-dischargedl oncel sedationl wearsl off
-meds:l corticosteroidl andl antibioticl eyel drops
-restrictions:l wel wantl tol preventl IOPl sol nol bending,l stooping,l lifting,l cough
-nighttimel shieldl
-followl upsl forl visuall acuity,l may/mayl notl needl tol wearl glasses
TEACHING
-shouldl havel nonel tol minimall pain:
>lotsl ofl painl canl indicatel hemorrhage,l infection,l increasedl IOPl andl HCPl mustl bel
notified
*painl isl controlledl wl mildl analgesia
-somel peoplel havel severel decreasel inl visuall acuityl rightl afterl andl itl mayl takesl weeksl
forl itl tol return:l modifyl activitiesl andl environment
-ifl havel anl eyel patch:l telll theml theyl willl havel nol depthl perceptionl andl shouldl bel
carefull ofl fallsl
-signsl ofl infection:l purulentl drainage,l increasedl redness,l decreasedl visuall acuity:l reportl
**washl handsl beforel placingl eyel patchl orl drops
QUESTION
retinopathy
Answer:
microvascularl damagel tol thel eye
-causesl blurredl visionl andl lossl ofl visionl (rapidl orl slow)
-mcc:l HTNl andl DM
1.l diabeticl retinopathy
-complicationl ofl diabetes,l especiallyl ifl uncontrolled
-nonproliferative:l lossl ofl centrall vision
-proliferative:l makel newl BVl thatl leak.l severel lossl ofl vision
*treatl wl laserl photocoagulation
2.l hypertensivel retinopathy
-causedl byl blockagel duel tol HTN
*lowerl BPl andl visionl shouldl returnl tol normal
QUESTION
retinall detachment
Answer:
separationl ofl thel retinal froml underlyingl epithelium
, -ocularl emergency
-canl causel permanentl blindness
CAUSE
-retinall breaks:
>hole:l small,l spontaneous
>tear:l causedl byl aging
*oncel al breakl occursl vitreousl humorl goesl intol thel subretinall spacel andl liftsl thel retinal
upl froml underlyingl epithelium,l thisl isl calledl al rhegmatogenousl detachmentl
-nonl rhegmatogenousl detachments:l tractionall orl exudative
>tractional:l scarl tissue
>exudative:l inflam,l injury,l tumor,l AMD
RISKl FACTORSl
-agel relatedl macularl degenerationl (AMD)
-age
-diabeticl retinopathy
-eyel traumal orl surgery
-Fxl ofl retinall detachment
-retinall thinningl
MANIFESTATIONS
-whilel itl isl detaching:l flashesl ofl lightl (photopsia),l floaters,l hairnet/cobwebl ringsl inl
vision
-detached:l painlessl graduall lossl ofl centrall orl peripherall vision,l likel al curtainl comingl
acrossl visuall field
QUESTION
retinall detachmentl treatment
Answer:
DIAGNOSE
-ultrasoundl tol seel breaks
-somel breaksl havel nol detachment,l HCPl shouldl monitorl patientl andl telll theml s/sl
detachmentl
SURGERY
1.l cryotherapyl andl photocoagulation:
-donel wl breaksl butl nol detachment
-usel freezingl orl burningl whichl createsl al scarl whichl securesl thel retinal tol thel tissuel
behindl it
2.l sclerall buckling:l placel al bandl tol pushl thel eyel intol thel retinal
3.l pneumaticl retinopexy:l intravitreall injectionl ofl gasl tol makel anl airl bubblel tol closel
retinall break
2025/l 2026l Update)l Adultl Healthl Nursingl
Il Completel Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l
Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
gerontological:l vision
Answer:
increasedl riskl ofl visionl loss
EYEl CHANGES
-eyel yellow,l grayl ring
-greyl eyebrowsl andl lashes
-entropionl orl ectropion:l eyel lidl rollsl inl orl outl
-eyel isl dryl bcl lessl tearl production
-eyel isl tearyl andl irritated
-decreasedl nightl vision
-blurredl vision
-pupill morel constrictedl
-pinguecula:l yellowl spot
-glare
CAUSES
-riskl ofl fall
-decreasedl independence
-sociall isolation
-lessl selfl esteem
-dexterityl lossl makesl itl harderl tol dol eyel drops
QUESTION
cataracts
Answer:
opacityl ofl lensl (cloudy,l decreasedl transparency)
PATHO
-metabolicl changesl causel accuml ofl fluidl inl eyel andl changel inl lensl fiberl structure
,-mcl relatedl tol age,l ppll wl diabetesl developl thisl atl youngerl age
*causedl byl traumal orl lightl exposurel
MANIFESTATIONS
-decreasedl vision:l gradual
>blindl isl lensl isl opaquel (willl lookl white)
-glare:l worsel atl nightl whenl pupill isl dilated
-abnormall colorl perceptions
-effectsl onel orl twol eyes,l ifl bothl onel mayl bel worsel thanl otherl
OAl ATl RISKl OF
-sociall devaluation
-changel inl selfl perception
-lossl ofl independence
-lackl ofl controll overl lifel
HEALTHl PROMOTION
-nol preventativel measures
-wearl sunglasses,l avoidl radiation
-vitl el andl c,l nutrition
NONl SURGICAL
thesel arel onlyl temporary
-changel inl prescriptionl glasses
-strongl readingl glasses
-goodl lighting
-changel inl lifestyle
QUESTION
surgery:l cataracts
Answer:
PREl OP
-testl visuall acuityl ofl otherl eyel tol determinel levell ofl visibilityl whenl recovering
-3l typesl ofl eyel drops:
>mydriatics:l pupill dilation
>cycloplegic:l mydriasisl andl paralysisl ofl accommodation
>NSAIDS:l inflammation
*cycloplegicsl andl mydriatics:l wearl sunglassesl tol preventl photophobial andl monitorl forl
s/sl ofl toxicityl (CNSl effects,l tachycardia)
INTRAl OP
1.l phacoemulsification:l makel anl incisionl andl breakl apartl thel cloudiness
2.l extracapsularl cataractl extractionl procedure:l whenl thel lensl isl tool dense.l makel al largerl
incisionl andl removel wholel lens
3.l IOL:l mostl ptl havel anl intral ocularl lensl implanted
,POSTl OP
-dischargedl oncel sedationl wearsl off
-meds:l corticosteroidl andl antibioticl eyel drops
-restrictions:l wel wantl tol preventl IOPl sol nol bending,l stooping,l lifting,l cough
-nighttimel shieldl
-followl upsl forl visuall acuity,l may/mayl notl needl tol wearl glasses
TEACHING
-shouldl havel nonel tol minimall pain:
>lotsl ofl painl canl indicatel hemorrhage,l infection,l increasedl IOPl andl HCPl mustl bel
notified
*painl isl controlledl wl mildl analgesia
-somel peoplel havel severel decreasel inl visuall acuityl rightl afterl andl itl mayl takesl weeksl
forl itl tol return:l modifyl activitiesl andl environment
-ifl havel anl eyel patch:l telll theml theyl willl havel nol depthl perceptionl andl shouldl bel
carefull ofl fallsl
-signsl ofl infection:l purulentl drainage,l increasedl redness,l decreasedl visuall acuity:l reportl
**washl handsl beforel placingl eyel patchl orl drops
QUESTION
retinopathy
Answer:
microvascularl damagel tol thel eye
-causesl blurredl visionl andl lossl ofl visionl (rapidl orl slow)
-mcc:l HTNl andl DM
1.l diabeticl retinopathy
-complicationl ofl diabetes,l especiallyl ifl uncontrolled
-nonproliferative:l lossl ofl centrall vision
-proliferative:l makel newl BVl thatl leak.l severel lossl ofl vision
*treatl wl laserl photocoagulation
2.l hypertensivel retinopathy
-causedl byl blockagel duel tol HTN
*lowerl BPl andl visionl shouldl returnl tol normal
QUESTION
retinall detachment
Answer:
separationl ofl thel retinal froml underlyingl epithelium
, -ocularl emergency
-canl causel permanentl blindness
CAUSE
-retinall breaks:
>hole:l small,l spontaneous
>tear:l causedl byl aging
*oncel al breakl occursl vitreousl humorl goesl intol thel subretinall spacel andl liftsl thel retinal
upl froml underlyingl epithelium,l thisl isl calledl al rhegmatogenousl detachmentl
-nonl rhegmatogenousl detachments:l tractionall orl exudative
>tractional:l scarl tissue
>exudative:l inflam,l injury,l tumor,l AMD
RISKl FACTORSl
-agel relatedl macularl degenerationl (AMD)
-age
-diabeticl retinopathy
-eyel traumal orl surgery
-Fxl ofl retinall detachment
-retinall thinningl
MANIFESTATIONS
-whilel itl isl detaching:l flashesl ofl lightl (photopsia),l floaters,l hairnet/cobwebl ringsl inl
vision
-detached:l painlessl graduall lossl ofl centrall orl peripherall vision,l likel al curtainl comingl
acrossl visuall field
QUESTION
retinall detachmentl treatment
Answer:
DIAGNOSE
-ultrasoundl tol seel breaks
-somel breaksl havel nol detachment,l HCPl shouldl monitorl patientl andl telll theml s/sl
detachmentl
SURGERY
1.l cryotherapyl andl photocoagulation:
-donel wl breaksl butl nol detachment
-usel freezingl orl burningl whichl createsl al scarl whichl securesl thel retinal tol thel tissuel
behindl it
2.l sclerall buckling:l placel al bandl tol pushl thel eyel intol thel retinal
3.l pneumaticl retinopexy:l intravitreall injectionl ofl gasl tol makel anl airl bubblel tol closel
retinall break
