Examl 1:l NSGl 320/l NSG320l (NEWl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Adultl Healthl Nursingl Il
Completel Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l
Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
hypoglycemial manifestations
Answer:
coldl andl clammyl needl somel candy
-profusel sweating
-pale
-fatigue,l HA
-hungry
-irritable,l nervous
-blurredl orl doublel vision
-bsl lessl thanl 70l orl rapidl drop,l glucosel lessl thanl 40l isl emergency
-tachycardia
LATE
-dilatedl pupil,l coma,l seizure
-canl leadl tol al quickl death
CAUSE
-tool muchl insulin,l delayedl eating,l notl enoughl glucose
QUESTION
hypoglycemicl emergency
Answer:
IFl ALERT
-havel theml eatl orl drinkl 15l gl ofl carbs,l retestl inl 15l mins,l repeatl ifl neededl (stilll belowl
15)
>foodl choices:l 3l glucosel tabs,l 1l cupl milk,l 1/2l cupl fruitl juicel orl soda,l 1l smalll boxl
raisins,l chewl 6-7l hardl candies,l 1l tbspl honeyl orl sugarl **chocolatel isl notl al goodl choice
>ifl clientl isl atl homel theyl canl adminl glucagonl isl rulel ofl 15l doesntl workl onl repeatl
IFl UNCONCIOUS
,-theyl arel movingl towardsl death
-givel IVl dextrosel 50%l immediatelyl
>inl prefilledl syringel forl IVl orl inl al IVl bag
QUESTION
footl care
Answer:
1.l usel warml soap,l testl wl elbow
2.l usel mildl soap
3.l patl feetl dry,l especiallyl betweenl toes
4.l applyl lanolinl tol feet,l notl bwl toes
5.l footl powderl onl sweatyl feet
-nol commerciall remedies
-cleanl cutsl withl warml waterl andl mildl soap
-reportl infl orl nonl healingl cuts
-exercisel feetl daily
-leatherl shoesl preferred
-warml feetl wl socks
-cutl toenailsl evenlyl withl roundedl cornersl
LOOKS
-dryl andl calloused,l swollen,l red/war,l tol touch
-dependentl rubor,l coldl feet,l lossl ofl hair
-neuropathyl canl causel deformityl ofl thel foot
ULCERl CARE
-debridementl dressings,l ultrasound,l vacuuml assistedl closure,l hyperbaricl oxygen,l skinl
grafting
QUESTION
chronicl complicationsl ofl diabetes
Answer:
ANGIOPATHY
damagel tol bv
1.l microvascularl complications:l thickeningl ofl wallsl inl capillariesl andl arterioles
-retinopathy:l blindness
-peripherall neuropathy:l numbness
-nephropathy:l renall failure
-erectilel dysfunction
-cognitivel dysfunction
,2.l macrovascularl complications:l diseasel largel andl mediuml bloodl vessels
-cardiovascularl disease:l PAD,l CAD
-cerebrovascularl disease
-stroke
-heartl attack
-suddenl death
*theyl havel increasedl lipidsl whichl arel causingl thisl sol theyl needl tol stopl smoking,l losel
weight,l goodl diet
RETINOPATHY
1.l non-proliferative:l bvl occludedl andl weakened->microl aneurisms->fluidl leaksl andl
causesl retinall edema
2.l proliferative:l bvl occludedl sol neovascularizationl occurs->thesel arel weakl andl break-
>patientl seel redl orl blackl lines->detachment
-teach:l controll BPl andl glucose,l regularl eyel exams
NEPHROPATHY
-damagel tol bcl thatl deliverl bloodl tol glomeruli
-testl withl CRl andl albuminuria
-givel theml lisinoprill tol helpl wl albuminl inl thel urine
NEUROPATHY
-damagel tol nerves
1.l sensoryl neuropathy:l
-lossl ofl sensation,l numbness
-pain:l burning
-paresthesia:l tingling
2.l autonomicl neuropathy:
-canl causel bowell incontinencel andl diarrhea
-neurogenicl bladder:l urinaryl retention
>treatl wl bethanechol
>tryl tol avoidl everyl 3l hrs,l tightenl abdominall muscles,l usel thel credel manueverl
-gastroparesis:l delayedl gastricl emptying
**canl affectl alll partsl ofl thel bodyl causingl hypoglycemicl unawareness
SKINl COMPLICATIONS
-dermopathy:l reddishl brownl ovall spots,l originallyl crustedl thanl becomel indented
INFECTION
-issuel ofl mobilizationl ofl WBC
-riskl ofl bladderl infectionl bcl ofl neurogenicl bladder
QUESTION
Acetominophen
Answer:
, causesl al falsel negativel onl glucosel tests
QUESTION
arteriall bloodl gas
Answer:
-mostl commonl sitel isl radiall artery,l secondl isl femorall artery
-donel byl providers
QUESTION
pHl balance
Answer:
-normall levelsl arel 7.35-7.45
>riskl ofl deathl ifl pHl isl lowerl thanl 6.9l orl higherl thanl 7.8
-2l compensatoryl mechanismsl tol regulate:l renall (metabolic)l andl respl (co2)
>theyl compensatel forl eachl otherl
-therel isl eitherl respiratoryl alkalosisl orl acidosis,l orl therel isl metabolicl alkalosisl orl
acidosisl
-impairedl renal->increasel inl metabolicl wastel productl whichl isl acidic->l metabolicl acidosis
-COPDl (impairedl resp)->l increasedl co2->l respl acidosis
TOl MAINTAINl pHl BALANCE
1.l lungs:l changel amountl ofl co2l inl blood
-changel ventilation/breathing,l diffusion,l orl perfusion
-retainl co2->acidosis
-losel co2->alkalosis
2.l kidneys:l controll bicarbl (HCO3)l inl blood
-changel metabolisml orl kidneyl function
-retainl bicarb:l alkalosis
-losel bicarb:l acidosis
**HCO3l isl basic,l CO2l acidic
QUESTION
respiratoryl acidosis
Answer:
pHl <l 7.35,l increasel CO2l
2026l Update)l Adultl Healthl Nursingl Il
Completel Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l
Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
hypoglycemial manifestations
Answer:
coldl andl clammyl needl somel candy
-profusel sweating
-pale
-fatigue,l HA
-hungry
-irritable,l nervous
-blurredl orl doublel vision
-bsl lessl thanl 70l orl rapidl drop,l glucosel lessl thanl 40l isl emergency
-tachycardia
LATE
-dilatedl pupil,l coma,l seizure
-canl leadl tol al quickl death
CAUSE
-tool muchl insulin,l delayedl eating,l notl enoughl glucose
QUESTION
hypoglycemicl emergency
Answer:
IFl ALERT
-havel theml eatl orl drinkl 15l gl ofl carbs,l retestl inl 15l mins,l repeatl ifl neededl (stilll belowl
15)
>foodl choices:l 3l glucosel tabs,l 1l cupl milk,l 1/2l cupl fruitl juicel orl soda,l 1l smalll boxl
raisins,l chewl 6-7l hardl candies,l 1l tbspl honeyl orl sugarl **chocolatel isl notl al goodl choice
>ifl clientl isl atl homel theyl canl adminl glucagonl isl rulel ofl 15l doesntl workl onl repeatl
IFl UNCONCIOUS
,-theyl arel movingl towardsl death
-givel IVl dextrosel 50%l immediatelyl
>inl prefilledl syringel forl IVl orl inl al IVl bag
QUESTION
footl care
Answer:
1.l usel warml soap,l testl wl elbow
2.l usel mildl soap
3.l patl feetl dry,l especiallyl betweenl toes
4.l applyl lanolinl tol feet,l notl bwl toes
5.l footl powderl onl sweatyl feet
-nol commerciall remedies
-cleanl cutsl withl warml waterl andl mildl soap
-reportl infl orl nonl healingl cuts
-exercisel feetl daily
-leatherl shoesl preferred
-warml feetl wl socks
-cutl toenailsl evenlyl withl roundedl cornersl
LOOKS
-dryl andl calloused,l swollen,l red/war,l tol touch
-dependentl rubor,l coldl feet,l lossl ofl hair
-neuropathyl canl causel deformityl ofl thel foot
ULCERl CARE
-debridementl dressings,l ultrasound,l vacuuml assistedl closure,l hyperbaricl oxygen,l skinl
grafting
QUESTION
chronicl complicationsl ofl diabetes
Answer:
ANGIOPATHY
damagel tol bv
1.l microvascularl complications:l thickeningl ofl wallsl inl capillariesl andl arterioles
-retinopathy:l blindness
-peripherall neuropathy:l numbness
-nephropathy:l renall failure
-erectilel dysfunction
-cognitivel dysfunction
,2.l macrovascularl complications:l diseasel largel andl mediuml bloodl vessels
-cardiovascularl disease:l PAD,l CAD
-cerebrovascularl disease
-stroke
-heartl attack
-suddenl death
*theyl havel increasedl lipidsl whichl arel causingl thisl sol theyl needl tol stopl smoking,l losel
weight,l goodl diet
RETINOPATHY
1.l non-proliferative:l bvl occludedl andl weakened->microl aneurisms->fluidl leaksl andl
causesl retinall edema
2.l proliferative:l bvl occludedl sol neovascularizationl occurs->thesel arel weakl andl break-
>patientl seel redl orl blackl lines->detachment
-teach:l controll BPl andl glucose,l regularl eyel exams
NEPHROPATHY
-damagel tol bcl thatl deliverl bloodl tol glomeruli
-testl withl CRl andl albuminuria
-givel theml lisinoprill tol helpl wl albuminl inl thel urine
NEUROPATHY
-damagel tol nerves
1.l sensoryl neuropathy:l
-lossl ofl sensation,l numbness
-pain:l burning
-paresthesia:l tingling
2.l autonomicl neuropathy:
-canl causel bowell incontinencel andl diarrhea
-neurogenicl bladder:l urinaryl retention
>treatl wl bethanechol
>tryl tol avoidl everyl 3l hrs,l tightenl abdominall muscles,l usel thel credel manueverl
-gastroparesis:l delayedl gastricl emptying
**canl affectl alll partsl ofl thel bodyl causingl hypoglycemicl unawareness
SKINl COMPLICATIONS
-dermopathy:l reddishl brownl ovall spots,l originallyl crustedl thanl becomel indented
INFECTION
-issuel ofl mobilizationl ofl WBC
-riskl ofl bladderl infectionl bcl ofl neurogenicl bladder
QUESTION
Acetominophen
Answer:
, causesl al falsel negativel onl glucosel tests
QUESTION
arteriall bloodl gas
Answer:
-mostl commonl sitel isl radiall artery,l secondl isl femorall artery
-donel byl providers
QUESTION
pHl balance
Answer:
-normall levelsl arel 7.35-7.45
>riskl ofl deathl ifl pHl isl lowerl thanl 6.9l orl higherl thanl 7.8
-2l compensatoryl mechanismsl tol regulate:l renall (metabolic)l andl respl (co2)
>theyl compensatel forl eachl otherl
-therel isl eitherl respiratoryl alkalosisl orl acidosis,l orl therel isl metabolicl alkalosisl orl
acidosisl
-impairedl renal->increasel inl metabolicl wastel productl whichl isl acidic->l metabolicl acidosis
-COPDl (impairedl resp)->l increasedl co2->l respl acidosis
TOl MAINTAINl pHl BALANCE
1.l lungs:l changel amountl ofl co2l inl blood
-changel ventilation/breathing,l diffusion,l orl perfusion
-retainl co2->acidosis
-losel co2->alkalosis
2.l kidneys:l controll bicarbl (HCO3)l inl blood
-changel metabolisml orl kidneyl function
-retainl bicarb:l alkalosis
-losel bicarb:l acidosis
**HCO3l isl basic,l CO2l acidic
QUESTION
respiratoryl acidosis
Answer:
pHl <l 7.35,l increasel CO2l
