IPSA TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS!
What is peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
peripheral atherosclerosis, lipid rich plaques within the vessel wall
What are S/S of PAD?
intermittent claudication: pain, aching, cramping, tightness, weakness, fatigue
What are serious complications of PAD?
acute limb ischemia and critical limb ischemia
What are risk factors of PAD?
diabetes,
smoking,
hyperlipidemia,
HTN
Who has increased risk for PAD?
1. Age <50 w/ diabetes + 1 additional RF
2. Age 51-64, RFs, or fam history of PAD
3. Age 65+
4. Known atherosclerosis (i.e., coronary, carotid)
There is a _____ increased risk in AA patients having PAD?
50%
,Explanation: NOT genetic though; Less likely to undergo diagnostic angiograms; Lower access
to specialized care (non-private ins); Higher chance of major amputation
What % of people present asymptomatic with PAD?
20-50%
What % of people present with atypical leg symptoms with PAD?
40-50%
Explanation: discomfort is exertional and doesn't resolve with rest
What % of people present with classic claudifcation with PAD?
10-35%
consistent onset with exercise and relief with rest
What % of people present with critical limb ischemia with PAD?
1-2%
pain at rest and non-healing wound
What % of people present with acute limb ischemia with PAD?
< 1%
sudden onset of symptoms, 5 Ps
What are the 5 Ps of acute limb ischemia with PAD?
pain, pulselessness, pallor, paresthesias, paralysis
What is deep vein thrombosis?
stasis of blood flow in the periphery caused by a thrombus occlusion
What are causes of DVT?
Venous stasis (i.e., prolonged immobilization)
, Endothelial injury (i.e., recent trauma or surgery)
Hypercoagulability (i.e., inherited clotting disorder)
How do patients present with DVT?
Unilateral presentation,
Sudden onset of pain,
Intense, sharp, deep muscle pain,
Warm to touch,
Swelling/edema present,
Discoloration,
Tender to palpation, cork-like obstruction,
Pulmonary embolism (i.e., dyspnea, tachypnea, chest pain)
True or False: refer to emergency department for immediate evaluation of DVT patients
True
they need anticoagulant agents and compression stockings
What is diabetic neuropathy?
complication of DM
What are S/S of diabetic neuropathy?
Numbness of extremities,
Tingling/burning sensation,
ANSWERS!
What is peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
peripheral atherosclerosis, lipid rich plaques within the vessel wall
What are S/S of PAD?
intermittent claudication: pain, aching, cramping, tightness, weakness, fatigue
What are serious complications of PAD?
acute limb ischemia and critical limb ischemia
What are risk factors of PAD?
diabetes,
smoking,
hyperlipidemia,
HTN
Who has increased risk for PAD?
1. Age <50 w/ diabetes + 1 additional RF
2. Age 51-64, RFs, or fam history of PAD
3. Age 65+
4. Known atherosclerosis (i.e., coronary, carotid)
There is a _____ increased risk in AA patients having PAD?
50%
,Explanation: NOT genetic though; Less likely to undergo diagnostic angiograms; Lower access
to specialized care (non-private ins); Higher chance of major amputation
What % of people present asymptomatic with PAD?
20-50%
What % of people present with atypical leg symptoms with PAD?
40-50%
Explanation: discomfort is exertional and doesn't resolve with rest
What % of people present with classic claudifcation with PAD?
10-35%
consistent onset with exercise and relief with rest
What % of people present with critical limb ischemia with PAD?
1-2%
pain at rest and non-healing wound
What % of people present with acute limb ischemia with PAD?
< 1%
sudden onset of symptoms, 5 Ps
What are the 5 Ps of acute limb ischemia with PAD?
pain, pulselessness, pallor, paresthesias, paralysis
What is deep vein thrombosis?
stasis of blood flow in the periphery caused by a thrombus occlusion
What are causes of DVT?
Venous stasis (i.e., prolonged immobilization)
, Endothelial injury (i.e., recent trauma or surgery)
Hypercoagulability (i.e., inherited clotting disorder)
How do patients present with DVT?
Unilateral presentation,
Sudden onset of pain,
Intense, sharp, deep muscle pain,
Warm to touch,
Swelling/edema present,
Discoloration,
Tender to palpation, cork-like obstruction,
Pulmonary embolism (i.e., dyspnea, tachypnea, chest pain)
True or False: refer to emergency department for immediate evaluation of DVT patients
True
they need anticoagulant agents and compression stockings
What is diabetic neuropathy?
complication of DM
What are S/S of diabetic neuropathy?
Numbness of extremities,
Tingling/burning sensation,
