Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank.

Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
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Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank
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Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
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Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank
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Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
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1. The / characteristic, / localized / cardinal / signs / of /acute / inflammation / include:
A) fever.

B) fatigue.

C) redness.
D) granuloma.


2. The /vascular, /hemodynamic /stage /of /acute /inflammation /is /initiated /by
/momentary /vasoconstriction /followed /by /vasodilation /that /causes /localized:



A) bleeding.

B) congestion.
C) pale /skin.

D) coolness.


3. The /cellular /stage /of /acute /inflammation /is /marked /by /the /movement /of
/leukocytes /into /the /area. /Which /of /the /following /cells /arrives /early /in /great

/numbers?



A) Basophils

B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils

,Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
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Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank
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D) Platelets

4. The /phagocytosis /process /involves /three /distinct /steps. /What /is /the /initial
/step /in / the /process?



A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular / killing
C) Antigen / margination

D) Recognition / and / adherence


5. Which /of /the /following /mediators /of /inflammation /causes /increased /capillary
/permeability /and /pain?



A) Serotonin

B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin

D) Nitric / oxide


6. Inflammatory /exudates /are /a /combination /of /several /types. /Which /of /the
/following /exudates / is /composed / of /enmeshed /necrotic /cells?



A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous


7. The /acute-phase /systemic /response /usually /begins /within /hours /of /the /onset
/of / inflammation /and / includes:



A) fever / and / lethargy.

B) decreased / C-reactive / protein.
C) positive / nitrogen / balance.
D) low / erythrocyte / sedimentation / rate.

,Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
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Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank
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8. In /contrast /to /acute /inflammation, /chronic /inflammation /is /characterized /by
/which / of /the /following /phenomena?



A) Profuse /fibrinous /exudation
B) A /shift /to /the / left / of /granulocytes
C) Metabolic / and / respiratory / alkalosis

D) Lymphocytosis / and / activated / macrophages


9. Exogenous /pyrogens /(interleukin-1) /and /the /presence /of /bacteria /in /the /blood
/lead /to /the /release /of /endogenous /pyrogens /that:



A) stabilize / thermal / control / in / the / brain.
B) produce / leukocytosis / and / anorexia.

C) block / viral / replication / in /cells.

D) inhibit / prostaglandin / release.


10 An /older / adult /patient / has / just / sheared /the / skin /on / her /elbow /while /attempted
. to /boost /herself /up /in /bed, /an /event /that /has /precipitated /acute /inflammation
/in /the /region /surrounding /the /wound. /Which / of /the /following /events /will

/occur /during / the / vascular /stage / of /the /patients / inflammation?



A) Outpouring / of / exudate / into / interstitial / spaces

B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation / of / leukocytes / along / the / epithelium

D) Phagocytosis / of / cellular / debris


11 Which / of /the / following / individuals / most / likely /has / the / highest / risk / of
. experiencing / chronic / inflammation?

A) A /patient / who / has /recently /been / diagnosed / with / type / 2 /diabetes
B) A /patient / who / is / a / carrier / of /an /antibiotic-resistant / organism

C) A /patient / who / is /taking / oral / antibiotics / for / an /upper / respiratory /infection

, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
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Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank
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D) A /patient / who / is / morbidly / obese / and / who / has /a / sedentary / lifestyle


12 Which / of /the / following / core / body /temperatures / is /within / normal / range?
.
A) 35.9C (96.6F)

B) 38.0C (100.4F)
C) 35.5C (95.9F)
D) 37.3C (99.1F)


13 A / postsurgical / patient / who / is / recovering / in / the / postanesthetic / recovery /unit
. states /that /she /is /freezing /cold. /Which /of /the /following /measures /is /likely /to
/be /initiated / in / the /patients / hypothalamus / in /an /effort /to /reduce / heat / loss?



A) Opening / of /arteriovenous / (AV) / shunts

B) Reduced / exhalation / of / warmed / air
C) Contraction / of / pilomotor / muscles

D) Decreased / urine / production


14 An /elderly /patient / is /dressed / only / in /a / hospital /gown /and /complains / of /a
. draft /in /her /room. /Consequently, /she /has /requested /a /warm /blanket /while /she
/sits / in / her /wheelchair. /Which / of /the /following /mechanisms / of / heat / loss /is

/most / likely /the /primary /cause / of /her /request?



A) Evaporation / and / conduction

B) Radiation / and / convection
C) Conduction / and / convection

D) Convection / and / evaporation


15 Which / of / the / following / pathophysiologic / processes / are / capable / of / inducing
. the / production / of /pyrogens? / Select / all / that / apply.

A) Acute / inflammation
B) Obesity